tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62603896780402205522024-03-21T15:12:23.356-07:00Opinions-Unpublished?Hometown Paper block CandidateSharonAnderson Why Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-16899726122305180462019-06-23T14:18:00.001-07:002019-06-23T14:18:00.281-07:00Sandra "Sam" Grazzini-Rucki in Her Own Words<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pjmpJLKbCog" width="480"></iframe>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-65474262647859236602019-06-09T11:50:00.001-07:002019-06-09T11:50:33.691-07:00Twincities.comBlocksCandidateSharonAnderson<div class="card card-profile card-profile-post" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 227, 233); box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; display: inline-block; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.45em; margin: 0px 0px 7.5px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 17px 20px 20px; position: relative; width: 697px;">
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7465902826" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/mayor_melvin_carter_lets_make_citywide_trash_collection_better_together/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 7 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F06%2F09%2Fmayor-melvin-carter-lets-make-citywide-trash-collection-better-together%2F&key=JyVAEGx3hICfF5_tVEp35w" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7465902826" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/06/09/mayor-melvin-carter-lets-make-citywide-trash-collection-better-together/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Mayor Melvin Carter: Let’s make citywide trash collection better — together</a></h2>
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Not Happy with your Treatment of Appointed Kassium Busuri, Further you Carter former City Council Member 2008 to 2013 fully aware of the Dirty Dealings re Landords USSC 10-1032 titled Magner vs. Gallagher,<a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalbcc.org%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FDOJ-St-Paul.pdf%3ARQutfAm9v5JScjBNkE4TXXl6jYQ&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.nationalbcc.org/images/stories/DOJ-St-Paul.pdf">https://www.nationalbcc.org...</a> Techinally and curently Steve Magner who lives in Stillwater making over 100k again harassing the Public on Code Enforcement, which included Trash Contracts etc. Latimer was Slick Mayor similar to Slick Willie DFL Magner the mole Carter Complicit violations Constutional Guarantees.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7450569584" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/mayor_carter_says_st_paul_trash_collection_system_will_continue_even_if_city_has_to_borrow_to_pay_fo/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 126 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3365547%26preview_id%3D3365547&key=ps3R0h7JmmuZrK5jOGYtOQ" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7450569584" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3365547&preview_id=3365547" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Mayor Carter says St. Paul trash-collection system will continue, even if city has to borrow to pay for it</a></h2>
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Melvin Carterwas on City Council 2008 to 2013 Complicit with Illegal Dismissal USSC 10-1032 TITLED Magner vs. Gallagher THEREFORE Carter Complicit with Dirty Deals; now including <a href="http://disq.us/url?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstpautrash.com%3ASZQ7XO_6YgcPNb0KNTHPxJPb4HU&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="stpautrash.com">stpautrash.com</a> Executive Summary<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In early February 2012, Assistant Attorney General Thomas E. Perez made a secret deal<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />behind closed doors with St. Paul, Minnesota, Mayor Christopher Coleman and St. Paul’s<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />outside counsel, David Lillehaug. Perez agreed to commit the Department of Justice to declining<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />intervention in a False Claims Act qui tam complaint filed by whistleblower Fredrick Newell<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />against the City of St. Paul, as well as a second qui tam complaint pending against the City, in<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />exchange for the City’s commitment to withdraw its appeal in Magner v. Gallagher from the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Supreme Court, an appeal involving the validity of disparate impact claims under the Fair<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Housing Act. Perez sought, facilitated, and consummated this deal because he feared that the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Court would find disparate impact unsupported by the text of the Fair Housing Act. Calling<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />disparate impact theory the “lynchpin” of civil rights enforcement, Perez simply could not allow<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />the Court to rule. Perez sought leverage to stop the City from pressing its appeal. His search led<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />him to David Lillehaug and then to Newell’s lawsuit against the City.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Fredrick Newell, a minister and small-business owner in St. Paul, had spent almost a<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />decade working to improve economic opportunities for low-income residents in his community.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In 2009, Newell filed a whistleblower lawsuit alleging that the City of St. Paul had received tens<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />of millions of dollars of community development funds, including stimulus funding, by<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />improperly certifying its compliance with federal law. By November 2011, Newell had spent<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />over two years discussing his case with career attorneys in the Department of Housing and Urban<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Development, the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Minnesota, and the Civil Fraud Section within the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Justice Department’s Civil Division. These three entities, which had each invested a substantial<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />amount of time and resources into Newell’s case, regarded this as a strong case potentially worth<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />as much as $200 million for taxpayers and recommended that the federal government join the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />suit. These career attorneys even went so far as to prepare a formal memorandum<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />recommending intervention, calling St. Paul’s actions a “particularly egregious example of false<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />certifications.”<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />All this work was for naught. In late November 2011, Lillehaug made Perez aware of<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Newell’s pending case against the City and the possibility that the Justice Department may<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />intervene. A trade was proposed: non-intervention in Newell’s case for the withdrawal of<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Magner. Perez contacted HUD General Counsel Helen Kanovsky and asked her to reconsider<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />HUD’s support for intervention in Newell’s case. Perez also spoke to then-Civil Division<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Assistant Attorney General Tony West and B. Todd Jones, the U.S. Attorney for the District of<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Minnesota, alerting them to his new interest in Newell’s case. The withdrawal of HUD’s support<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />for Newell’s case led to an erosion of support in the Civil Division, a process that was actively<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />managed by Perez.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In January 2012, Perez began leading negotiations with Lillehaug, offering him a<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />“roadmap” to a global settlement. Once negotiations appeared to break down, Perez boarded a<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />plane and flew to Minnesota to meet face-to-face with Mayor Coleman. At that early February<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />meeting, Perez pleaded for the fate of disparate impact and reiterated the Justice Department’s<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />willingness to strike a deal. His lobbying paid off when Lillehaug accepted the deal on Mayor</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7435683710" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/st_paul_city_council_closes_ranks_around_busuri_a_temporary_appointee_and_ward_6_candidate/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 29 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3361089%26preview_id%3D3361089&key=Zs4CBvIZQiw2UZVns1-C8A" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7435683710" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3361089&preview_id=3361089" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">St. Paul City Council closes ranks around Busuri, a temporary appointee and Ward 6 candidate</a></h2>
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Live and Let Live altho When the Quoran exceeds the Authority of State and Federal Constitutions, When Lawyer Tolbert in a Pattern violates MN Const. Art. III Separation of Powers, Council calling the Kettle Black, and in this Sceniero White Council Supremist, who have Breeched the Public Trust, are Going to Pot.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7319666823" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/keith_ellison_other_ags_support_liberians_suing_to_stay_in_us/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 87 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Can't seem to download the Doc. <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numbersusa.com%2F%3AE4PVtAlVkyZbf0m68fVa9PQZ8xk&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.numbersusa.com/">https://www.numbersusa.com/</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7311679651" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/rosario_next_week_they_may_have_to_leave_their_kids_and_the_place_they_love_behind/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 23 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3319614%26preview_id%3D3319614&key=hNyl2khyK3pLdyMwZ6ylRA" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7311679651" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3319614&preview_id=3319614" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Rosario: Next week, they may have to leave their kids and the place they love behind</a></h2>
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Hard Tracking must concern with Hometown Homegrown Citizens denied due process in Homeowner ship re Where is Katrina Steiger 1156 Maryland <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numbersusa.com%2F%3AE4PVtAlVkyZbf0m68fVa9PQZ8xk&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.numbersusa.com/">https://www.numbersusa.com/</a></div>
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Would like to know the names of the 336 lawyers</div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3321996%26preview_id%3D3321996&key=nGCbtzHCNgo8iHqmL9PF6w" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7318265810" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3321996&preview_id=3321996" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">MN Republicans call for a crackdown on child care assistance fraud</a></h2>
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Affiant currently Questions St. Paul Council Man Kassium Busuri involvement with a Child Care Co. Candidate Sharon Andersons Inquiry to Jim Nobles and Muslin MN AG Keith Ellison,<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />if in Fact Muslin Kassium Busuri is in compliance with State and Federal Licensing and Tax Laws ? and has Busuri and the Mayor and City Council using undue Influence to Condemn and Take Homestead Propertys, without Valid Complaints of DSI Paula Seely and others.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Refugee, teacher, turnaround agent, he’s the first Somali-American on St. Paul’s city council – Twin Cities<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Busuri, who co-owns a daycare in Shakopee and manages the Bright Start Childcare Center on University Avenue in St. Paul, also has served as the dean of a Minneapolis charter school and as education director with the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />UNDER THE RAINBOW CHILD CARE CENTER INC v. COUNTY OF GOODHUE | FindLaw Minnesota Da’wah Institute, a Muslim community center in St. Paul.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />LLO_447075 : 1064579</div>
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Dear Ms. Diriye:</div>
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On February 21, 2019, a licensing review of Bright Start Child Care Center Inc, located at 1197 University Avenue W, Suite 106, St. Paul, MN 55104, was conducted to determine compliance with Minnesota Statutes and the provisions governing child care under Minnesota Rules, parts 9503.0005 through 9503.0170 (Rule 3). As a result of this licensing review a Correction Order is being issued.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7316748975" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/for_the_physically_disabled_in_st_paul_the_winter_of_2019_was_isolating_especially_treacherous/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 14 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F03%2F25%2Fst-paul-minneapolis-mn-winter-disabled-sidewalks-streets%2F&key=M5uq3QCy68b_WS7yLrYItg" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7316748975" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/25/st-paul-minneapolis-mn-winter-disabled-sidewalks-streets/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">For the physically disabled in St. Paul, the winter of 2019 was isolating, especially treacherous</a></h2>
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Hey Rick Thanks 4 Speaking out Strange that Parks and Rec will charge, selectively going after Homeowners. instead of Downtown. More to Come, Write Letters to Council all up 4 election, Rick run for Council as I am doing to make Government Accountable.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="5444186" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/makemnred/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Alpha News</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7307705643" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/makemnred/minnesota_millionaire_exposes_broken_welfare_system_in_minnesota/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Give me a break i get Social Security, with only $15.oo Food Stamps, you only qualify on the Federal Poverty Guidelines, of 135 % his Case Manager appears to be Corrupt. <a href="http://disq.us/url?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftaxthermax.blogspot.com%3A_yk0Sp0Z4KVO8XLHHT86F86zEMg&cuid=5444186" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="http://taxthermax.blogspot.com">http://taxthermax.blogspot.com</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7311976481" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/httpswwwtwincitiescom20190322ramsey_county_home_values_and_taxes_spike_with_poorest_areas_seeing_big/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 36 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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20/20 Mkt value huge Bump up and Homeless abounds Minnesota and St. Paul is now Sanctuary and sharia State and City, Homegrown Homeowners are Taxed out of their Homes to pay 4 Housing 4 Illegals Disparity</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7310023768" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/dumped_cable_comcast_hopes_to_reel_you_back_in_with_its_new_flex_service/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 15 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F03%2F21%2Fcomcast-to-sell-streaming-tv-bundle-for-internet-customers%2F&key=ZaIF9WcLDOKnbI9cteSQSw" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7310023768" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/21/comcast-to-sell-streaming-tv-bundle-for-internet-customers/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Dumped cable? Comcast hopes to reel you back in with its new Flex service.</a></h2>
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The only reason i have Comcast Cable is to Watch Cable 18 City Council and Ramsey Co Board live meetings.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7303706754" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/dhs_official_responsible_for_investigating_fraud_put_on_leave/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 45 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Another Example of too many lawyers in Government What does MNAG Keith Ellison Chapter 8 defending MN Agencies? <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auditor.leg.state.mn.us%2Fsreview%2Fccap.pdf%3AVtFTjanl8_GPc24V0UuEeYyW4Qg&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.auditor.leg.state.mn.us/sreview/ccap.pdf">https://www.auditor.leg.sta...</a></div>
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od Bless America</div>
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To the Above Named; Thanks Shannon, found on Twitter<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Sharon Anderson Wa<span style="color: #687a86;">Discussion on </span><a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a><span style="color: #687a86;"> </span><a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7295400732" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/rent_assistance_and_restorative_justice_st_paul_mayor_melvin_carters_state_of_our_city_highlights_pu/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 34 comments</a></div>
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Rent assistance and restorative justice? St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter’s “State of Our City” highlights public safety, housing and volunteerism
">Rent assistance and restorative justice? St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter’s “State of Our City” highlights public safety, housing and…</a></h2>
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For Public Disclosure and to all City Candidates that the Chamber is profiling all <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatch.com%2Fminnesota%2Fsaintpaul%2Fcandidates-st-paul-elections-2019%3AbgFdnfQerpoulSmCTME58deklT0&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://patch.com/minnesota/saintpaul/candidates-st-paul-elections-2019">https://patch.com/minnesota...</a> http://www.eastmetrovoterguide...</div>
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Fri15Mar2019 St. Paul Chamber Election Guide</div>
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With Humble Thanks Get involved<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />If we Die tomorrow, Then We must live 4 Today</div>
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In God we Trust and Grd 2</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7332924487" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/st_paul_to_host_hearings_on_636000_in_unpaid_garbage_bills/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 32 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Agree, at least some of the hearing by Marcia Claire Mormond HS 11xx Furness, must be held Accountable</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7323763913" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/president_trump_extends_immigration_status_for_liberians/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 17 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Trump is Smart whats another year in the mean time Dems lay off of our Hon. Presidnt who happens to be White like me Keith Ellisons and 8 other States are now MOOT What a Hoot <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fus%2F587%2F16-1094%2F%3Futm_source%3Dsummary-newsletters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3D2019-03-27-us-supreme-court-483611e77a%26utm_content%3Dtext-case-read-more-1%3AKx4yk9UlWUDWn_iueOOeWgEY8t4&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/587/16-1094/?utm_source=summary-newsletters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2019-03-27-us-supreme-court-483611e77a&utm_content=text-case-read-more-1">https://supreme.justia.com/...</a></div>
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Can't seem to download the Doc. <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numbersusa.com%2F%3AE4PVtAlVkyZbf0m68fVa9PQZ8xk&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.numbersusa.com/">https://www.numbersusa.com/</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7311679651" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/rosario_next_week_they_may_have_to_leave_their_kids_and_the_place_they_love_behind/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 23 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3319614%26preview_id%3D3319614&key=hNyl2khyK3pLdyMwZ6ylRA" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7311679651" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3319614&preview_id=3319614" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Rosario: Next week, they may have to leave their kids and the place they love behind</a></h2>
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Hard Tracking must concern with Hometown Homegrown Citizens denied due process in Homeowner ship re Where is Katrina Steiger 1156 Maryland <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numbersusa.com%2F%3AE4PVtAlVkyZbf0m68fVa9PQZ8xk&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.numbersusa.com/">https://www.numbersusa.com/</a></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="http://disq.us/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2017%2F12%2F12%2Framsey-county-attorney-john-choi-elected-to-lead-state-county-attorneys-association%2F&key=rz80JFOqMWrFD6NVq3zq3g" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="6345807266" data-truncate-lines="3" href="http://www.twincities.com/2017/12/12/ramsey-county-attorney-john-choi-elected-to-lead-state-county-attorneys-association/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Ramsey County Attorney John Choi elected to lead state county attorneys association</a></h2>
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Would like to know the names of the 336 lawyers</div>
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Affiant currently Questions St. Paul Council Man Kassium Busuri involvement with a Child Care Co. Candidate Sharon Andersons Inquiry to Jim Nobles and Muslin MN AG Keith Ellison,<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />if in Fact Muslin Kassium Busuri is in compliance with State and Federal Licensing and Tax Laws ? and has Busuri and the Mayor and City Council using undue Influence to Condemn and Take Homestead Propertys, without Valid Complaints of DSI Paula Seely and others.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Refugee, teacher, turnaround agent, he’s the first Somali-American on St. Paul’s city council – Twin Cities<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Busuri, who co-owns a daycare in Shakopee and manages the Bright Start Childcare Center on University Avenue in St. Paul, also has served as the dean of a Minneapolis charter school and as education director with the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />UNDER THE RAINBOW CHILD CARE CENTER INC v. COUNTY OF GOODHUE | FindLaw Minnesota Da’wah Institute, a Muslim community center in St. Paul.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />LLO_447075 : 1064579</div>
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Dear Ms. Diriye:</div>
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On February 21, 2019, a licensing review of Bright Start Child Care Center Inc, located at 1197 University Avenue W, Suite 106, St. Paul, MN 55104, was conducted to determine compliance with Minnesota Statutes and the provisions governing child care under Minnesota Rules, parts 9503.0005 through 9503.0170 (Rule 3). As a result of this licensing review a Correction Order is being issued.</div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F03%2F25%2Fst-paul-minneapolis-mn-winter-disabled-sidewalks-streets%2F&key=M5uq3QCy68b_WS7yLrYItg" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7316748975" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/25/st-paul-minneapolis-mn-winter-disabled-sidewalks-streets/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">For the physically disabled in St. Paul, the winter of 2019 was isolating, especially treacherous</a></h2>
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Hey Rick Thanks 4 Speaking out Strange that Parks and Rec will charge, selectively going after Homeowners. instead of Downtown. More to Come, Write Letters to Council all up 4 election, Rick run for Council as I am doing to make Government Accountable.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="5444186" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/makemnred/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Alpha News</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7307705643" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/makemnred/minnesota_millionaire_exposes_broken_welfare_system_in_minnesota/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Give me a break i get Social Security, with only $15.oo Food Stamps, you only qualify on the Federal Poverty Guidelines, of 135 % his Case Manager appears to be Corrupt. <a href="http://disq.us/url?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftaxthermax.blogspot.com%3A_yk0Sp0Z4KVO8XLHHT86F86zEMg&cuid=5444186" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="http://taxthermax.blogspot.com">http://taxthermax.blogspot.com</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7311976481" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/httpswwwtwincitiescom20190322ramsey_county_home_values_and_taxes_spike_with_poorest_areas_seeing_big/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 36 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F03%2F22%2Framsey-county-home-values-and-taxes-spike-with-poorest-areas-seeing-biggest-jumps%2F&key=vlT4iU58eHtzAPQz5RKIUA" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7311976481" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/22/ramsey-county-home-values-and-taxes-spike-with-poorest-areas-seeing-biggest-jumps/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Ramsey County home values — and taxes — spike, with poorest areas seeing biggest jumps</a></h2>
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20/20 Mkt value huge Bump up and Homeless abounds Minnesota and St. Paul is now Sanctuary and sharia State and City, Homegrown Homeowners are Taxed out of their Homes to pay 4 Housing 4 Illegals Disparity</div>
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The only reason i have Comcast Cable is to Watch Cable 18 City Council and Ramsey Co Board live meetings.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7303706754" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/dhs_official_responsible_for_investigating_fraud_put_on_leave/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 45 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Another Example of too many lawyers in Government What does MNAG Keith Ellison Chapter 8 defending MN Agencies? <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auditor.leg.state.mn.us%2Fsreview%2Fccap.pdf%3AVtFTjanl8_GPc24V0UuEeYyW4Qg&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.auditor.leg.state.mn.us/sreview/ccap.pdf">https://www.auditor.leg.sta...</a></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F03%2F14%2Frent-assistance-and-restorative-justice-st-paul-mayor-melvin-carters-state-of-our-city-highlights-public-safety-housing-and-volunteerism%2F&key=XgMQgEkalwbyWkgykJTMXQ" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7295400732" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/14/rent-assistance-and-restorative-justice-st-paul-mayor-melvin-carters-state-of-our-city-highlights-public-safety-housing-and-volunteerism/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="
Rent assistance and restorative justice? St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter’s “State of Our City” highlights public safety, housing and volunteerism
">Rent assistance and restorative justice? St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter’s “State of Our City” highlights public safety, housing and…</a></h2>
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For Public Disclosure and to all City Candidates that the Chamber is profiling all <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatch.com%2Fminnesota%2Fsaintpaul%2Fcandidates-st-paul-elections-2019%3AbgFdnfQerpoulSmCTME58deklT0&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://patch.com/minnesota/saintpaul/candidates-st-paul-elections-2019">https://patch.com/minnesota...</a> http://www.eastmetrovoterguide...</div>
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Fri15Mar2019 St. Paul Chamber Election Guide</div>
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With Humble Thanks Get involved<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />If we Die tomorrow, Then We must live 4 Today<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In God we Trust and God Bless America</div>
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To the Above Named; Thanks Shannon, found on Twitter<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Sharon Anderson Ward 2</div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-64090565546969867362019-02-21T08:26:00.001-08:002019-02-21T08:26:25.105-08:00HometownPaperBlocksCandidateSharon4AndersonDisqus<div class="yiv4237286101userEdit yiv4237286101mceEditable">
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7241650102" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/minnesota_joins_states_lawsuit_over_border_wall/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 126 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3295850%26preview_id%3D3295850&key=CZndpOkY1m2rMqQYMRPWzw" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7241650102" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3295850&preview_id=3295850" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Minnesota joins states’ lawsuit over border wall</a></h2>
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Agree Google the File 3-19cv00872 since Affiant Candidate is blocked</div>
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Truth is blocked again for Education Google the File 3-19-cv-00872 titled Calif vs. trump Shame on Hometown Paper to remove the Truth</div>
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Affiant has doc 3-19-cv00872 Challenge Keith Ellisons joiner without complaints from Citizens, Nat.Guard etc. Wed 20Feb2019<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />To the Above Named specifically City Council President Amy Brendmoen aka<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Neske aka Hahn<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Attached Served Affiant VA Widow Candidate is duly Concerned that Muslin MNAG Ellison who received major funding for his Campaign from George Soros.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Has overreached his Authority/Jurisdiction without proper complaints of Citizenery to join with the Cal Gover Newsom Nephew of Nancy Pelosi.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />KEITH ELLISON<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Attorney General of Minnesota<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />JOHN KELLER<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Chief Deputy Attorney General<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />JAMES W. CANADAY<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Deputy Attorney General<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />/s/ Jacob Campion<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />JACOB CAMPION (pro hac vice forthcoming)<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Assistant Attorney General<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />445 Minnesota Street, Suite 1100<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />St. Paul, Minnesota 55101-2128<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Telephone: (651) 757-1459<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Email: jacob.campion@ag.state.rnn.us<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Attorneys for Plaintiff State of Minnesota<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />FURTHER the wilful neglect of former AG Mike Hatch and Lori Swanson to Brief USSC 103-1032 .titled M<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Magner vs. Gallagher<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Wed 20Feb2019<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />To the Above Named specifically City Council President Amy Brendmoen aka<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Neske aka Hahn<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Attached Served Affiant VA Widow Candidate is duly Concerned that Muslin MNAG Ellison who received major funding for his Campaign from George Soros.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Has overreached his Authority/Jurisdiction without proper complaints of Citizenery to join with the Cal Gover Newsom Nephew of Nancy Pelosi.</div>
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FURTHER the wilful neglect of former AG Mike Hatch and Lori Swanson to Brief USSC 103-1032 .titled M<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Magner vs. Gallagher</div>
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Further the Wording of the Calif vs. Trump Border Wall is used vs. City St. Paul,MN in their Ponzi use of Excessive Inspections aka Consumption to Steal Realestate. re Separation of Powers.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Due to Weather Concerns <a href="http://disq.us/url?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsharon4council.blogspot.com%3A0vFxBpyKJtWIQyng_uiDiwfQBsQ&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="http://sharon4council.blogspot.com">http://sharon4council.blogs...</a> <br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Microsoft Word - 13460020.docx<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />sierra_club_and_southern_border_communities_coalition_v._trump_et_al.pdf</div>
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1. The States of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Attorney General Dana Nessel on behalf of the People of Michigan (collectively, “Plaintiff States”), bring this action to protect their residents, natural resources, and economic interests from President Donald J. Trump’s flagrant disregard of fundamental separation of powers principles engrained in the United States Constitution.</div>
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PLAINTIFF STATE OF MINNESOTA 72. The State of Minnesota, represented by and through its Attorney General, is a sovereign state of the United States of America. 73. Attorney General Keith Ellison is the chief legal officer of the State of Minnesota and his powers and duties include acting in federal court in matters of State concern and to protect Minnesota residents. Minn. Stat. § 8.01. This action is brought to protect Minnesota’s sovereign, quasi-sovereign, and proprietary interests. 74. Governor Tim Walz is the chief executive officer of the State of Minnesota, custodian of state property and federal funds made available to the State, and the Commander-inChief of the state military. Minn. Const., art. V, § 3; Minn. Stat. §§ 4.01 & .07. As the chief executive officer and Commander-in-Chief of the State of Minnesota, Governor Walz leads executive branch agencies injured by the actions described in this Complaint. 75. The Minnesota National Guard has over 13,000 soldiers and airmen, employs more than 2,000 people on a full-time basis, and operates over 60 facilities in the state. The Minnesota National Guard receives more than 96% of its funding from the federal government. It performs missions training and prepares citizen soldiers and airmen to respond to, among other things, the Governor of Minnesota for state emergency response, military support, and protection of local communities. Loss of funding negatively impacts this vital service for the State of Minnesota. 76. For example, diverting federal funding for the Minnesota National Guard’s counterdrug programs and domestic drug interdiction activities to construct a wall along the United States-Mexico border would harm Minnesota’s law enforcement agencies and Case 3:19-cv-00872 Document 1 Filed 02/18/19 Page 14 of 57 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 15 Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief compromise the health and safety of Minnesota residents. 77. In addition, diverting federal funding from necessary military construction projects in Minnesota, including National Guard projects, to construct a wall along the United StatesMexico border would also harm Minnesota, its economy, and its residents.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7233583234" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/rosario_love_means_getting_these_bills_passed/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 81 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F02%2F15%2Frosario-love-means-getting-these-bills-passed%2F&key=4TfHlV9WCmG8F4J3pGUDpQ" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7233583234" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/15/rosario-love-means-getting-these-bills-passed/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Rosario: Love means getting these bills passed</a></h2>
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What a great World this would be just google me</div>
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Rueben Rueben I been thinking Citys Excessive Inspections charging $157 monthly on drive bys on Senior Disabled Political Activist Trump Supporter must also be Abated Covert Way to Steal Propertys, PS 2007 City Stole my fully licensed, insured Van out of yard.</div>
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Mayor Melvin Carter Tainted passing Election Voter Ordinance please read pdf format Thank God for Eric Kaardal <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2Flandlord.pdf%3Aszw2Hhe3QVSh3edm52yo6qSJzpU&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/landlord.pdf">https://www.courthousenews....</a></div>
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Copy Suit Easy Read Thanks to lawyer Eric Kaardal <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2Flandlord.pdf%3Aszw2Hhe3QVSh3edm52yo6qSJzpU&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/landlord.pdf">https://www.courthousenews....</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7232996997" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/st_paul_inspections_seeks_ability_to_levy_fines_minneapolis_woodbury_and_duluth_have_such_authority/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 13 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F02%2F14%2Fst-paul-inspections-seeks-ability-to-levy-fines-minneapolis-woodbury-and-duluth-have-such-authority%2F&key=GYqNGsFx9cjEf5_UXZiCpQ" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7232996997" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/14/st-paul-inspections-seeks-ability-to-levy-fines-minneapolis-woodbury-and-duluth-have-such-authority/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">St. Paul inspections seeks ability to levy fines. Minneapolis, Woodbury and Duluth have such authority.</a></h2>
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Or loyal Donald Trump Supporters What goes around for these Dems will come around for Public and Voters</div>
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Agree we do not need more Inspectors using their private cars, insured and bought by the City on our Tax Dollars</div>
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Agree</div>
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Agree Affiant Constitutional Challenge to the Authority/Jurisdiction of MM, monthly basis approx 108 Propertys slipped thro on Consent Agenda without Quiet Titles, Proof of Owner, Drive By Inspections without Valid Complaints,Warrants etc. leviy $157.00 monthly on property taxes, Illegally Certified/Ratified by Council to Steal Propertys</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7219212680" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/play_addresses_a_hate_filled_horrible_incident_in_st_pauls_past/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 12 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3284600%26preview_id%3D3284600&key=aDSdsCwcPe72op6lZ3GaQg" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7219212680" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3284600&preview_id=3284600" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Play addresses a ‘hate-filled, horrible incident’ in St. Paul’s past</a></h2>
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Local Actors ie Bernae Vera Kruse History is part of our Heritage regardless of Race,Religion,Royal Standings</div>
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Go Figure <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ag.state.mn.us%2FOffice%2FCommunications%2F20190131_HiringAnnouncement.asp%3AkC3Jpb4nIkQFXeUEkvE7GpT8oac&cuid=5444186" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/20190131_HiringAnnouncement.asp">https://www.ag.state.mn.us/...</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7228238145" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/st_paul_boiler_breakdown_left_200_seniors_disabled_in_the_cold/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2Fst-paul-boiler-breakdown-edgerton-hi-rise-payne-avenue%2F&key=ro-7IHroNvyFcJ3Lwk6kAA" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7228238145" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/12/st-paul-boiler-breakdown-edgerton-hi-rise-payne-avenue/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">St. Paul boiler breakdown left 200 seniors, disabled in the cold</a></h2>
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Is Louise Seeba aka Tonda also St. Paul City Attorney? Apparantly Public Housing is not inspected or Disparate Treatment, Code Violations, Further Seeba was the Prosecuting Attorney USSC103-1032 to Kill the Case titled Magner vs. Gallagher,</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7228273948" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/trump_says_ilhan_omars_apology_for_tweets_is_lame_and_she_should_resign/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 133 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2Ftrump-ilhan-omar-tweets-resign-apology-israel%2F&key=9Xvnzu-3cG5p3pH2UMbWwA" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7228273948" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/12/trump-ilhan-omar-tweets-resign-apology-israel/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Trump says Ilhan Omar’s apology for tweets is ‘lame’ and she should resign</a></h2>
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About time USA Constitution prevails Affiant by Candidate for Office is trying to Educate Public on Sharia Law, RealEstate concerning Mosques re <a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Flawoftheland.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F02%2F11%2Ffed-dist-court-in-nj-agrees-the-rluipa-claims-brought-by-mosque-should-proceed%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfeedburner%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3DFeed%253A%2BLawOfTheLand%2B%2528LAW%2BOF%2BTHE%2BLAND%2529%3A3_xcPOqiYx880DWMIMiiyqecn_0&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://lawoftheland.wordpress.com/2019/02/11/fed-dist-court-in-nj-agrees-the-rluipa-claims-brought-by-mosque-should-proceed/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+LawOfTheLand+%28LAW+OF+THE+LAND%29">https://lawoftheland.wordpr...</a></div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7225883164" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/st_paul_city_council_candidate_accuses_another_candidate_of_assault_police_find_no_crime_was_committ/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 27 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3290827%26preview_id%3D3290827&key=0epiCjfu-eHdqxey8oQJug" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7225883164" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3290827&preview_id=3290827" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">St. Paul City Council candidate accuses another candidate of assault; police find no crime was committed</a></h2>
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Phatom of the Opera Comedy of Errors, what a way to get your name in the paper Affiant the rambling Rose Candidate in the Thorn of Thickets still explosing the Horrors of Sharia Law to Protect Candidate Rebecca Ward 2, hopefully more will file</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7187022775" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/minnesota_recoups_31_million_in_fraud_deceptive_marketing_claims/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 6 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3278599%26preview_id%3D3278599&key=TXIkQW6VF3IphuGlqFjgCQ" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7187022775" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3278599&preview_id=3278599" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Minnesota recoups $3.1 million in fraud, deceptive-marketing claims</a></h2>
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Sad that Lori Swanson was Bluff to give up Mnag ALTHO her Lawsuits will now credit Muslin Keith Ellison, Tracking Ellison smart Politican implementing Sharia Law on unsupecting Voters, Where is Lori Swanson now</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7223143794" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/amy_klobuchar_running_for_president_in_2020/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 122 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3290067%26preview_id%3D3290067&key=oJb1Ru3WiInwKcjyWKgj8A" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7223143794" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3290067&preview_id=3290067" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Klobuchar running for president in 2020</a></h2>
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Amy Bessler aka Kloubshar should have cancelled or checked the Weather, No regard for Volunteers or Media shod have made arrangments to have inside Toough to get on Ballots in all States, she may not get DFL Endorsements currently the Trouble is DFL Chair Tom Perez, former VC Keith Ellison Targeting Sanctuary Cities and States, MN will no longer be an easy DFL STRONGHOLD GO Trump 2020</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7202134382" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/assistant_police_chief_kathy_wuorinen_it_was_an_honor_serving_you_st_paul/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 7 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Legal Taxpayers are already overburdened, taking our Homes via Excessive Inspections/Abatements taking our Cars unabated by Cops to enforce the law.</div>
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Having been Homeless myself, tracking numerous Homeless or Illegal aliens from other States are here to take Advantage of our Generous Welfare System, taking from Homegrown Citizenery reduced to poverty.</div>
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How many homeless are from Chicago ?</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7217073960" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/first_somali_american_st_paul_city_council_member_takes_seat/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 6 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Is Busuri married? renter or homeowner, pdf Trash<a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstpaultrash.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2FClarkVsCitycomplete110p.pdf%3A8hrIKt_WrMDQD_Fe4sn-b3CRVF8&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://stpaultrash.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ClarkVsCitycomplete110p.pdf">https://stpaultrash.com/wp-...</a> Strange Sworn oath on Quran stating support 4 USA Constution ? Mitra sworn on City Charter</div>
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Here comes Rambling Rose Luthern,Straight wish Kassim Busuri Best Luck, altho to take the Oath on the Quoran is at risk or contrary to USA Constitution ?</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7209711675" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/in_st_paul_18_candidates_have_declared_for_7_city_council_seats_and_its_only_february/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 8 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%3Fp%3D3284754%26preview_id%3D3284754&key=ufGE2k-IZB9e-9RLNFMkhw" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7209711675" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/?p=3284754&preview_id=3284754" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">In St. Paul, 18 candidates have declared for 7 city council seats, and it’s only February</a></h2>
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<a href="https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstpaultrash.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2FClarkVsCitycomplete110p.pdf%3A8hrIKt_WrMDQD_Fe4sn-b3CRVF8&cuid=2064167" rel="nofollow noopener" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e9fff; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" title="https://stpaultrash.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ClarkVsCitycomplete110p.pdf">https://stpaultrash.com/wp-...</a> Must Educate the Public via pdf formats or notice of City lawsuits.</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7218979237" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/acting_ag_overseeing_mueller_probe_says_hes_not_interfered/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 26 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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<a class="link-gray-darker truncate" data-link-name="title" data-link-out="https://disq.us/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2019%2F02%2F08%2Fafter-day-of-drama-whitaker-prepares-to-face-congress%2F&key=Qrwm0JTPP09IavItD-lA3A" data-role="thread-link" data-thread-id="7218979237" data-truncate-lines="3" href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/08/after-day-of-drama-whitaker-prepares-to-face-congress/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #353a3d; float: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">Acting AG overseeing Mueller probe says he’s not interfered</a></h2>
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Executive Summary<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In early February 2012, Assistant Attorney General Thomas E. Perez made a secret deal<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />behind closed doors with St. Paul, Minnesota, Mayor Christopher Coleman and St. Paul’s<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />outside counsel, David Lillehaug. Perez agreed to commit the Department of Justice to declining<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />intervention in a False Claims Act qui tam complaint filed by whistleblower Fredrick Newell<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />against the City of St. Paul, as well as a second qui tam complaint pending against the City, in<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />exchange for the City’s commitment to withdraw its appeal in Magner v. Gallagher from the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Supreme Court, an appeal involving the validity of disparate impact claims under the Fair<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Housing Act. Perez sought, facilitated, and consummated this deal because he feared that the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Court would find disparate impact unsupported by the text of the Fair Housing Act. Calling<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />disparate impact theory the “lynchpin” of civil rights enforcement, Perez simply could not allow<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />the Court to rule. Perez sought leverage to stop the City from pressing its appeal. His search led<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />him to David Lillehaug and then to Newell’s lawsuit against the City.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Fredrick Newell, a minister and small-business owner in St. Paul, had spent almost a<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />decade working to improve economic opportunities for low-income residents in his community.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />In 2009, Newell filed a whistleblower lawsuit alleging that the City of St. Paul had received tens<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />of millions of dollars of community development funds, including stimulus funding, by<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />improperly certifying its compliance with federal law. By November 2011, Newell had spent<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />over two years discussing his case with career attorneys in the Department of Housing and Urban<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Development, the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Minnesota, and the Civil Fraud Section within the<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />Justice Department’s Civil Division. These three entities, which had each invested a substantial<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit;" />amount of time and resources into Newell’s case, regarded this as a strong case potentially worth</div>
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Thanks Ruppy Family, hopefully the Senior Center will be reopened, on Bus Line, miss the Passport Services Freindship,Food, use of Computers, nursing service etc.</div>
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Should NOT remember Kirby Puckett a Case Amy lost</div>
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Sympathys to Family remember When at Mystic Lake your Mom was a Candidate Love in Friendship</div>
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Discussion on <a class="link-community" data-forum-pk="2064167" data-link-name="forum_name" href="https://disqus.com/home/forum/dfm-twincities/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #546673; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;">TwinCities.com</a> <a class="bullet link-discussion" data-link-name="comment_count" data-thread-id="7208914804" href="https://disqus.com/home/discussion/dfm-twincities/4_biggest_takeaways_from_the_patriots_super_bowl_victory_over_the_rams/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #687a86; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"> 6 comments</a><span data-role="badges" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></div>
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Rams stated they would boycott Trumpy at the White House if they Won, Proves to me Loyal Trump Supporters are still out there.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>LEGAL NOTICE: /s/<a href="mailto:Sharon4Anderson@aol.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:Sharon4Anderson@aol.com">Sharon4Anderson@aol.com</a> ECF_P165913Pacersa1299 telfx: 651-776-5835:<br />Attorney ProSe_InFact,Private Attorney General QuiTam Whistleblower, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">www.taxthemax.blogspot.com </a></strong></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C.<br />Ch.119 Sections 2510-2521 et seq., governs distribution of this "Message,"<br />including attachments, may contain the originator's<br />proprietary information. The originator hereby notifies<br />recipients Message review, dissemination, copying, and content-based<br />actions. Authorized carriers of this message<br />shall expeditiously deliver this Message to intended recipients. See: Quon<br />v. Arch</strong></span></div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-23290467474430712552019-02-13T07:41:00.001-08:002019-02-13T07:41:37.577-08:00HomeTownPaperBlocksTruthCandidateSharonAndersonDisqus<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<strong style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Grim issues of Disparitys re Louise Seeba aka Tonda</strong><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong>Scrool to end re Joe Collins re appointed to Business Council</strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong> Disparity in City Hall, you should get ahold of Collins make the deal to settle your case, before you and me kick the bucket or kick the can down the Road.</strong></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.nationalbcc.org/images/stories/DOJ-St-Paul.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.nationalbcc.org/images/stories/DOJ-St-Paul.pdf</a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><br /><a href="https://www.twincities.com/2019/02/12/st-paul-boiler-breakdown-edgerton-hi-rise-payne-avenue/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Neighbors rush to help 200 St. Paul 200 seniors and disabled left in the cold after boiler breakdown – Twin Cities</a></strong></span></span><strong>he Hi-Rise is operated by the public housing authority, independent of city government. Louise Seeba, deputy executive director and general counsel for the public housing authority, said in an interview Tuesday that a boiler lost pressure and had to be drained, filled and reignited.</strong><br />
While a dozen residents called on-call maintenance to complain over 24 hours, she was unaware of reports of plummeting temperatures.<br />
“We were out there, we were fixing it,” Seeba said. “I don’t know if it got below 70 (degrees), but it could have. Nobody reported that to us.”<br />
On Tuesday, St. Paul Deputy Mayor Jaime Tincher said her office checked Monday morning with its Department of Safety and Inspections, which “had received no lack of heat or other complaint at that time.”<br />
“However,” she added, “(director Ricardo Cervantes) did plan to send an inspector to find out what the situation was. We will check back with him and follow up.”<br />
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<span class="yiv4237286101st"><span class="yiv4237286101st">PAUL FOR THE PAST 30 YRS. re Sharon Anderson <em>aka</em> Peterson Scarrella ... and http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/<em>magner</em>-<em>v</em>-<em>gallagher</em>/ ... <em>Louise</em> "<em>Tonda</em>" <em>Seeba</em> is the lawyer against the Landlords,? ... <em>Title</em>: Appointing Moss and Barnett as special counsel, and approving the agreement for ... <em>10-1</em></span></span><div id="yiv4237286101taw">
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<span class="yiv4237286101gL9Hy yiv4237286101d2IKib">Did you mean:</span> <a class="yiv4237286101gL9Hy" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Joe+Collins+re+USSC+10-1032+titled+Magner+v+Gallagher&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTu8iy9bjgAhUQ8YMKHQj7B0QQBQgrKAA" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Joe Collins re USSC 10-1032 titled Magner <strong><em>v</em></strong> Gallagher</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/city-of-saint-paul?trk=ppro_cprof" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="City of Saint Paul" class="yiv4237286101lazy-loaded" src="https://ecp.yusercontent.com/mail?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.licdn.com%2Fdms%2Fimage%2FC4E0BAQHTphFndhvbPQ%2Fcompany-logo_100_100%2F0%3Fe%3D1557964800%26v%3Dbeta%26t%3D7ci-Z9h-1ejvS1oDzgYKFI3Q5tnIhG0MdrlrAy3RcxQ&t=1550069378&ymreqid=cf528104-bff9-439d-2cea-8a050e010000&sig=fHzVbrvNLui26SkE.ccJKg--~C" /></a></h5>
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10-1032 Brief for the Respondents Thomas J Gallagher et. al.</h3>
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<span class="yiv4237286101st"><span class="yiv4237286101f">Jan 23, 2012 - </span><em>10-1032</em>. IN THE. STEVE <em>MAGNER</em> ET AL.,. Petitioners, <em>v</em>. THOMAS J. <em>GALLAGHER</em> ET AL.,. Respondents. ... Respondents <em>are</em> plaintiffs Thomas J. <em>Gallagher</em>,. Frank J. ... Properties, <em>Joseph</em>J. <em>Collins</em>, Sr., Dadder's. Properties ..... 42 <em>U.S.C.</em> § 1973 . ..... structure of <em>Title</em> VII and the ADEA, the Court similarly ...</span></div>
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<span class="yiv4237286101st"><em>032</em> · 8th Cir.</span></div>
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Sharon Anderson aka Scarrella 651-776-5835 sharon4anderson@aol.com</div>
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<a href="http://blogitbabe.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://blogitbabe.blogspot.com</a> <a href="http://sharon4council.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://sharon4council.blogspot.com</a></div>
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<img id="yiv4237286101AOLP.1550047479825" src="https://apis.mail.aol.com/ws/v3/mailboxes/@.id==VjN-wnUwW6TiGUYb_E0DkSMjzQrSVzoKajzpLmJ0WSQZrzq5z9enLdi6TxjJUsHiUah1EpnHMJPId00KjlhWzb2Ueg/messages/@.id==AJK7vpRLKvHRXGQt2QiLgGJ04Vw/content/parts/@.id==2/thumbnail?appId=aolloki&downloadWhenThumbnailFails=true&pid=2&scope=DWEB" style="max-height: 82px; max-width: 99px; min-height: 82px; width: 99px;" yahoo_partid="2" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>LEGAL NOTICE: /s/<a href="mailto:Sharon4Anderson@aol.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:Sharon4Anderson@aol.com">Sharon4Anderson@aol.com</a> ECF_P165913Pacersa1299 telfx: 651-776-5835:<br />Attorney ProSe_InFact,Private Attorney General QuiTam Whistleblower, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">www.taxthemax.blogspot.com </a></strong></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C.<br />Ch.119 Sections 2510-2521 et seq., governs distribution of this "Message,"<br />including attachments, may contain the originator's<br />proprietary information. The originator hereby notifies<br />recipients Message review, dissemination, copying, and content-based<br />actions. Authorized carriers of this message<br />shall expeditiously deliver this Message to intended recipients. See: Quon<br />v. Arch</strong></span></div>
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<br />Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-64096719190560456002018-04-06T05:36:00.001-07:002018-04-06T05:36:06.039-07:00Congressional Testimony: Sharon Anderson to Bill Windsor of Lawless Ame...<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4TbcTC5Yg68" width="480"></iframe>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-73408230648525968592018-04-05T09:18:00.002-07:002018-04-05T09:18:53.744-07:00SecretCourtsMNAGSwansonSCAPJudgeKarenAsphaugVSVictimsSandraGrazzini,DedeEavald2018<a href="https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/ctapun/1302/opa112156-021113.pdf">https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/ctapun/1302/opa112156-021113.pdf</a><br />
BankenvsBanken Case Law used in Unpublished Opions<br />
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<tr valign="top"><td nowrap="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; padding: 1px 10px 1px 9px;">From</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">SharonQuiTamAnderson <sharon4anderson aol.com=""></sharon4anderson></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; padding: 1px 10px 1px 9px;">Subject</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">MN Judicial Branch - JudicialDirectoryScapPanelWarrantsInMatterofSandraGrazziniRucki,DedeEvald,SharonScarrellaAndersonetal</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; padding: 1px 10px 1px 9px;">Date</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">Wed, 4 Apr 2018 07:49:01 -0400</td></tr>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Wed. 4Apr.2018</span></strong></div>
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<img alt="Lori Swanson | The Office of Attorney General Lori Swanson" class="s-img" data-pos="0" height="112.4" id="yui_3_10_0_1_1522839604890_677" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.TrpxN294GZYAhx5b7oG5NwHaLE&pid=Api&rs=1&c=1&qlt=95&w=75&h=112" style="font-size: 10pt;" title="Lori Swanson | The Office of Attorney General Lori Swanson" width="75.2" /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <strong>VS. MRS. SHAR</strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>ON </strong></span><img alt="Image result for Pics of Sharon Anderson aka Scarrella" class="rg_ic rg_i" data-src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSqDlxV3uxpwztRGIoX5SO-7qGtdYGC4rzr5N2h6JcrTWM9DcwDog" name="6Ba20CrQiAP9FM:" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSqDlxV3uxpwztRGIoX5SO-7qGtdYGC4rzr5N2h6JcrTWM9DcwDog" style="font-size: 10pt; height: 92px; max-height: 92px; max-width: 76px; width: 76px;" /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>AN</strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>DERSON AKA SCARRELLA,S</strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>ANDRA GRAZZINI RUCKI,DEDE EVALD ET AL </strong> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">To the Above Named specifically Lori </span></strong><strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Swanson MNAG</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RE PARENS PATRIE, CONSTITUTIONALITY OF SCAP PANEL MS.253B.19</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> AFFIANT VA WIDOW MRS. SHARON ANDERSON AGAIN CANDIDATE FOR MNAG <a href="http://sharon4mnag.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://sharon4mnag.blogspot.com</a></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> IN THE MATTER OF SANDRA GRAZZINI RUCKI, DEDE EVALD, ALL MOTHERS IN MINNESOTA ET AL</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <a href="http://crimes-against-humanity.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://crimes-against-humanity.blogspot.com</a> is self explanatory</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">re Separation of Powers MN CONST. art. III and Taxaction art. X</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> ISSUES of JUDICIAL CORRUPTION</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Family Court Matters, Bogus Warrants in Sharons Case going back 20 years, Judges Unconstitutional Orders destroying Familys is Paramount for Investigations into the Judges Temperment, Bias, Prejudice. Bogus Warrants, Restraining Orders, deleting Information in Violation of Free Speech and the Right of Sandra,Dede,Sharon to defend.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> COMMON LAW AUTHORITY PARENS PATRIE SIMILAR</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> TO QUITAM RELATORS. in the Name of the State of MN</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> HEINOUS Injurys in Fact brought to the Attorney Generals Attention.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">unabated by Lori Swansons who is the Attorney for the Judicial Branch.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> SO WHO REPRESENTS THE CITIZENS OF MINNESOTA?</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> THEREFORE WE PRAY THAT THE ENDING OF THE BOGUS WARRANTS, PRIOR RESTRAINTS FOR SANDRA GRAZZINI RUCKI and others BE LAID TO REST IN THE GRAVEYARD OF UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> THAT THE ABUSIVE HUSBAND AWARDED 5 CHILDREN, TAKING SANDRAS HOMESTEAD,EMPLOYMENT, DIGNITY AND TRUST ACCT. IS CRIMES AGAINST MINNESOTA MOTHERS AND HUMANITY.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> FURTHER AFFIANT SAYETH NOT AT THIS TIME.</span></strong></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,Chief Justice Lor</span></strong><strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">i Gildea , Judge Karen</span></strong><img alt="High court justice faces three primary challengers ..." class="s-img" data-pos="0" height="117.5" id="yui_3_10_0_1_1522839693711_149" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.n2FCPaKd8vTd7Uc9FO2YlQHaKX&pid=Api&rs=1&c=1&qlt=95&w=84&h=117" style="font-size: 10pt;" title="High court justice faces three primary challengers ..." width="84" /><strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Asphaug <img alt="Red Herring Alert | There's something fishy going on!" class="s-img" data-pos="0" height="114.8" id="yui_3_10_0_1_1522839767534_195" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.RN110qVFmf7TPb3yjcc7HADsEH&pid=Api&rs=1&c=1&qlt=95&w=103&h=114" title="Red Herring Alert | There's something fishy going on!" width="103" /></span></strong><strong style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><img alt="" class="" id="yui_3_5_1_1_1522839860291_1095" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.2mDmc-WrIUQGiaMd5VfUaQHaI4&pid=Api&P=0&w=300&h=300" style="height: 75px; max-height: 75px; max-width: 62px; width: 62px;" /></span></strong></div>
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<span class=" fz-ms fw-m fc-12th wr-bw lh-17"><span class=" fz-ms fw-m fc-12th wr-bw lh-17"><strong>www</strong>.ag.<strong>state</strong>.<strong>mn</strong>.<strong>us <a href="mailto:Attorney.General@ag.state.mn.us" rel="noopener noreferrer">Attorney.General@ag.state.mn.us.</a></strong></span></span><div class="center">
(651) 296-3353 (Twin Cities Calling Area) • (800) 657-3787 (Outside the</div>
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<a ajaxify="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10215075133621183&set=a.3023469155176.145436.1516152589&type=3&size=1488%2C2046&source=10&player_origin=profile&referrer_profile_id=1516152589" class="coverWrap" data-cropped="1" data-ploi="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/29872810_10215075133621183_1967579332909880699_o.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFCZUctHYluOV1HkDyHjFq1SLLrvPKvcqq_H4_JofXiM1NkqZrZZqzrvpUR3uI9kTCkHOnN36o9H3qpgIBZAKr54qC2JtPumRMMe480dFetxg&oh=300c868e2428b8daea61297259e5cd14&oe=5B2BAF7A" data-plsi="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/29694764_10215075133621183_1967579332909880699_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFCZUctHYluOV1HkDyHjFq1SLLrvPKvcqq_H4_JofXiM1NkqZrZZqzrvpUR3uI9kTCkHOnN36o9H3qpgIBZAKr54qC2JtPumRMMe480dFetxg&oh=631d848a5dd2398f61d7e3d63ef4c0b0&oe=5B64F29A" data-referrerid="1516152589" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10215075133621183&set=a.3023469155176.145436.1516152589&type=3" id="fbCoverImageContainer" rel="theater" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; height: 315px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Cover Photo"><img alt="Cover Photo, No automatic alt text available." class="coverPhotoImg photo img" data-fbid="10215075133621183" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/c0.205.851.315/p851x315/29872810_10215075133621183_1967579332909880699_o.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFCZUctHYluOV1HkDyHjFq1SLLrvPKvcqq_H4_JofXiM1NkqZrZZqzrvpUR3uI9kTCkHOnN36o9H3qpgIBZAKr54qC2JtPumRMMe480dFetxg&oh=ed5df81638b469ad02fa15b6c28a7bfe&oe=5B30334D" style="border: 0px; left: 0px; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 851px;" /><div class="coverBorder" style="background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 71%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.53)); border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;">
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</a><div class="_6a uiPopover _30vx _5v-0" data-ft="{"tn":"*|"}" id="fbProfileCoverPhotoSelector" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; left: 20px; position: absolute; top: 15px;">
<a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="fbTimelineEditCoverButton _30vy _5pwk _p" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" id="u_0_11" rel="toggle" role="button" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; height: 34px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><i class="_30vz img sp_1U0FtDjuTl1 sx_4d2737" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yx/r/aYIigRl2u2n.png"); background-position: 0px -240px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 21px; left: 5px; opacity: 0.7; position: absolute; top: 8px; transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275); width: 26px; z-index: 1;"></i><div class="_30v-" style="background-clip: padding-box; background-color: black; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 0px 0px 6px; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 6px 12px; position: relative; top: 3px; transition: opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275), width 0.3s step-end; white-space: nowrap; width: 34px; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="_30w0 _50f7" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 26px; position: relative; top: 1px; z-index: 2;">Update Cover Photo</span></div>
</a></div>
</div>
<div class="_2nlj _2xc6" style="bottom: 12px; font-family: inherit; left: 201px; position: absolute;">
<h1 class="_2nlv" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: inherit; font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; max-width: 275px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="_2t_q" data-testid="profile_name_in_profile_page" id="fb-timeline-cover-name" style="font-family: inherit; padding-right: 30px;"><a class="_2nlw _2nlv" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: white; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 30px; max-width: 275px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0px 0px 3px;">Sharon Anderson</a></span><span class="_2nly" style="font-family: inherit; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;"></span></h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix" id="fbTimelineHeadline" style="font-family: inherit; min-height: 41px; position: relative; width: 851px; z-index: 4; zoom: 1;">
<div class="_50zj" style="font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 851px;">
<div class="actions _70j" style="bottom: 15px; float: right; font-family: inherit; max-width: 500px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 15px; text-align: right; width: 360px;">
<div class="_5h60 actionsDropdown" data-referrer="pagelet_timeline_profile_actions" id="pagelet_timeline_profile_actions" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;">
<a ajaxify="/profile/edit/public/show/" class="_42ft _4jy0 _2yfv _4jy4 _517h _9c6" data-loggable="ProfileHighQualityLogger" data-store="{"profile_id":1516152589,"profile_high_quality_metric":"action_bar_update_info","profile_session_token":"1516152589:1516152589:1522945001","profile_surface_type":"action_bar","profile_event_type":"click"}" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" id="u_0_1e" rel="dialog" role="button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-clip: padding-box; background-color: #f6f7f9; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); box-sizing: content-box; color: #4b4f56; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; line-height: 26px; margin-left: 12px; margin-top: 12px; padding: 0px 10px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: none; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), transform 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><i aria-hidden="true" class="_3-8_ img sp_1U0FtDjuTl1 sx_a9ec97" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yx/r/aYIigRl2u2n.png"); background-position: 0px -262px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; bottom: 1px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; margin-right: 4px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 16px;"></i>Edit Profile</a><div class="_51xa _2yfv _3y89" id="u_0_1f" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 12px; margin-top: 12px; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="_42ft _4jy0 _4jy4 _517h _51sy" data-hover="tooltip" data-loggable="ProfileHighQualityLogger" data-store="{"profile_id":1516152589,"profile_high_quality_metric":"action_bar_activity_log","profile_session_token":"1516152589:1516152589:1522945001","profile_surface_type":"action_bar","profile_event_type":"click"}" data-tooltip-content="See your activity on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson/allactivity" role="button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f6f7f9; border-color: rgb(206, 208, 212); border-image: initial; border-radius: 1px 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #4b4f56; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 10px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: none; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), transform 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1); vertical-align: middle; z-index: 1;">View Activity Log<span aria-label="91 unread" class="_51lp _51lr _5ugg _5ugh _3-99" id="u_0_1g" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-clip: padding-box; background-color: #fa3e3e; border-radius: 2px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; margin-left: 4px; min-height: 13px; padding: 1px 3px;">10+</span></a><div class="_6a _6b uiPopover" id="u_0_1h" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle;">
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Other actions" class="_42ft _4jy0 _1yzl _p _4jy4 _517h _51sy" data-loggable="ProfileHighQualityLogger" data-store="{"profile_id":1516152589,"profile_high_quality_metric":"action_bar_more","profile_session_token":"1516152589:1516152589:1522945001","profile_surface_type":"action_bar","profile_event_type":"click"}" id="u_0_1i" role="button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f6f7f9; border-color: rgb(206, 208, 212); border-radius: 0px 1px 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #4b4f56; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 26px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -1px !important; padding: 0px 10px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), transform 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1); vertical-align: middle; z-index: 1;" type="submit" value="1"><i class="img sp_xPF4nYfO_GV sx_ca5e2d" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yM/r/DXemFGvqn17.png"); background-position: -187px -196px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; bottom: 1px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 16px;"></i></button></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="_70k" style="clear: right; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 201px; width: 649px;">
<ul class="_6_7 clearfix" data-referrer="timeline_light_nav_top" id="u_0_12" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 234, 237); list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1;">
<li><a class="_6-6 _6-7" data-tab-key="timeline" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson?lst=1516152589%3A1516152589%3A1522945001" style="border-right-color: rgb(233, 234, 237); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; color: #4b4f56; cursor: pointer; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 43px; line-height: 3.05; padding: 0px 17px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">Timeline<span class="_513x" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yb/r/-RF8-CGCNpt.png"); background-position: 0px -567px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; bottom: -1px; display: block; font-family: inherit; height: 9px; left: 46.375px; margin-left: -8px; position: absolute; width: 17px;"></span></a></li>
<li><a class="_6-6" data-tab-key="about" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson/about?lst=1516152589%3A1516152589%3A1522945001" style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 234, 237); color: #365899; cursor: pointer; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 43px; line-height: 3.05; padding: 0px 17px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">About</a></li>
<li><a class="_6-6" data-tab-key="friends" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson/friends?lst=1516152589%3A1516152589%3A1522945001&source_ref=pb_friends_tl" style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 234, 237); color: #365899; cursor: pointer; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 43px; line-height: 3.05; padding: 0px 17px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">Friends<span class="_gs6" style="color: #89919c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; padding-left: 6px;">581</span></a></li>
<li><a class="_6-6" data-tab-key="photos" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson/photos?lst=1516152589%3A1516152589%3A1522945001&source_ref=pb_friends_tl" style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 234, 237); color: #365899; cursor: pointer; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 43px; line-height: 3.05; padding: 0px 17px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">Photos</a></li>
<li><div class="_6a uiPopover _6-6 _9rx _5v-0" id="u_0_13" style="border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 234, 237); display: inline-block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; height: 43px; line-height: 3.05; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">
<a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="_9ry _p" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" id="u_0_14" rel="toggle" role="button" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; padding: 0px 17px; text-decoration-line: none;">More<i class="_bxy img sp_C0AjNdqK7HY sx_cafad2" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yx/r/pzdnQfNKajS.png"); background-position: -21px -346px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 5px; margin-left: 7px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: 8px;"></i></a></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="name" style="font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden;">
<div class="photoContainer" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_1ro1 _5ycb drop_elem _5ycb" id="u_0_15" style="font-family: inherit;">
<a class="profilePicThumb" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10214572329651398&set=a.1554463310948.73960.1516152589&type=3&source=11&referrer_profile_id=1516152589" id="u_0_y" rel="theater" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; left: 15px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 1px; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none; top: -143px;"><img alt="your Profile Photo, Image may contain: Sharon Anderson" class="profilePic img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/27654894_10214572329651398_3810587031547174899_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFDJXi6o-hj0p2m-AAUqfSJPKhSJNSWmQro1IZSJkf67i7RJS2bdeIxYM7Ro-vB5qKIlod7r5YrQ_toIGbnJberF7eBROgzgiYGpnzP945ohA&oh=1a80851fed9dc917efb26e37b0dffce0&oe=5B640164" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 2px; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; height: 160px; width: 160px;" /></a><div class="fbTimelineProfilePicSelector _23fv" style="bottom: 21px; font-family: inherit; left: 20px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: auto; width: 160px; z-index: 5;">
<div class="_156n _23fw" data-ft="{"tn":"+B"}" style="font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative; text-align: left;">
<a ajaxify="/profile/picture/menu_dialog/?context_id=u_0_y&profile_id=1516152589" class="_156p" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" id="u_0_16" rel="dialog" role="button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: white; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; max-width: 120px; opacity: 0; padding: 10px 12px 10px 35px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: opacity 0.13s ease-out;"><i class="_1din _156q img sp_1U0FtDjuTl1 sx_4d2737" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yx/r/aYIigRl2u2n.png"); background-position: 0px -240px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; bottom: 23px; display: inline-block; height: 21px; left: 5px; margin-bottom: -15px; opacity: 1; position: absolute; transform: none; transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275); width: 26px;"></i>Update Profile Picture</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="_5h60" data-referrer="pagelet_main_column_personal_timeline" id="pagelet_main_column_personal" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div id="fbSuggestionsPlaceHolder" style="font-family: inherit;">
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<div id="timeline_tab_content" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 35px;">
<div class="_5h60 fbTimelineTimePeriod" data-referrer="pagelet_timeline_recent" id="pagelet_timeline_recent" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="fbTimelineSection fbTimelineCompactSection fbTimelineSectionTransparent" id="u_0_1l" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: none; font-family: inherit; padding: 0px;">
<div class="fbTimelineCapsule clearfix" data-end="1525157999" data-referrer="pagelet_timeline_recent_ocm" data-start="1521136031" id="u_0_1k" style="font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; zoom: 1;">
<div class="_5nb8" data-referrer="recent_capsule_container" id="recent_capsule_container" style="float: right; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 10px; width: 518px;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div id="timeline_above_composer" style="font-family: inherit;">
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<div data-referrer="timeline_composer_container" id="timeline_composer_container" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div id="u_0_27" style="font-family: inherit;">
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></ul>
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<li class="fbTimelineUnit fbTimelineComposerCapsule clearfix fbTimelineTwoColumn" data-size="1" data-type="1" id="u_0_1o" style="display: block; float: none; margin-bottom: 10px; position: static; zoom: 1;"><div class="_4-u2 _4-u8" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 223, 226); font-family: inherit;">
<div class="fbTimelineComposerUnit timelineUnitContainer" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 0px; width: 516px;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div aria-label="Create a post" class="_3u13 _3e9r" id="js_2b" role="region" style="font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<div class="_3u15" role="presentation" style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0); bottom: 519px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; position: fixed; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.3s, bottom 0s 0.3s; z-index: 310;">
</div>
<div class="_3u16" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div display="block" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div id="u_0_1r" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_1cx1 _4a8c _4aay _4ab3" role="presentation" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_5n2b _36bx _4-u2 _4-u8" data-test-actorid="1516152589" data-testid="react-composer-root" id="rc.u_0_1p" style="border-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px;">
<div class="_3ubp _sg2" style="background-color: #f6f7f9; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 223, 226); border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px 24px 8px 0px;">
<span class="_sg1" style="border-left: none; color: #365899; font-family: inherit; padding: 0px 4px; position: relative;"><a aria-selected="true" attachmentid="STATUS" class="_4-h7 _5qtn fbReactComposerAttachmentSelector_STATUS" data-hover="tooltip" data-tooltip-content="Make Post" data-tooltip-delay="500" data-tooltip-display="overflow" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" icon="[object Object]" label="Make Post" loggingname="status_tab_selector" role="tab" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; padding: 4px 6px 4px 4px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="_4-fs" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 21px; position: relative;"><i alt="" class="_5qto img sp_xPF4nYfO_GV sx_bb0500" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/yM/r/DXemFGvqn17.png"); background-position: -255px -196px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: -1px; vertical-align: middle; width: 16px;"></i><span class="_5qtp" style="color: #4b4f56; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; line-height: 14px;">Make Post</span><span class="_4-h8" style="border-bottom: 8px solid rgb(233, 235, 238); border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; bottom: -9px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0px; height: 0px; left: 40.5px; line-height: 0; position: absolute; width: 0px;"></span></span></a></span><span class="_sg1" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(206, 208, 212); color: #365899; font-family: inherit; padding: 0px 4px; position: relative;"><span class="_m _yt4" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 5px 0px 3px; position: relative;"><a aria-selected="false" attachmentid="MEDIA" class="_4-h7 fbReactComposerAttachmentSelector_MEDIA" data-hover="tooltip" data-testid="media-attachment-selector" data-tooltip-content="Photo/Video" data-tooltip-delay="500" data-tooltip-display="overflow" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" icon="[object Object]" label="Photo/Video" loggingname="media_tab_selector" rel="ignore" role="tab" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; padding: 4px 6px 4px 4px;"><span class="_4-fs" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 21px; position: relative;"><i alt="" class="_5qto img sp_Fel9oyYmcjb sx_c963df" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/y3/r/tUFmTo6MH3c.png"); background-position: -160px -323px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 16px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: -1px; vertical-align: middle; width: 16px;"></i><span class="_5qtp" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; line-height: 14px;">Photo/Video</span></span><div class="_3jk" style="font-family: inherit; height: 23px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 98.7969px;">
<input accept="video/*, video/x-m4v, video/webm, video/x-ms-wmv, video/x-msvideo, video/3gpp, video/flv, video/x-flv, video/mp4, video/quicktime, video/mpeg, video/ogv, .ts, .mkv, image/*" class="_n _5f0v" containerclassname="_yt4" data-testid="media-tab" display="inline" id="js_1" multiple="" name="composer_photo[]" role="button" style="bottom: 0px; cursor: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1000px !important; height: 300px; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;" tabindex="0" type="file" /></div>
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<div id="js_2" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><div class="_i-o _2j7c" style="font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<div class="_3eny" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="clearfix _ikh" style="font-family: inherit; zoom: 1;">
<div class="_q-v _4bl7" style="float: left; font-family: inherit; margin: 12px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="_3hvt" style="font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<img alt="" class="_bth img" height="40" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p40x40/27654894_10214572329651398_3810587031547174899_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFDJXi6o-hj0p2m-AAUqfSJPKhSJNSWmQro1IZSJkf67i7RJS2bdeIxYM7Ro-vB5qKIlod7r5YrQ_toIGbnJberF7eBROgzgiYGpnzP945ohA&oh=b7085397702230b1b2fd509e23d65471&oe=5B2BFD7B" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; overflow: hidden;" width="40" /></div>
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<div class="_4bl9" style="font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_3nd0" style="font-family: inherit; position: relative;">
<div class="_1mwp navigationFocus _395 _4c_p _5bu_ _34nd _21mu _5yk1" id="js_2c" role="presentation" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; height: 71px; line-height: 18px; max-height: 100px; min-height: 71px; outline: 0px; padding: 23px 48px 13px 12px; resize: none; transition: font-size 0.2s ease-in-out, letter-spacing 0.2s ease-in-out; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="_5yk2" style="font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1">
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<div class="_1p1v" id="placeholder-d7dg1" style="font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;">
What's on your mind?</div>
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<div class="_5rpb" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-left: 0.1px solid transparent; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; position: relative; text-align: initial; z-index: 1;">
<div aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="js_0" aria-describedby="placeholder-d7dg1" aria-multiline="true" class="notranslate _5rpu" contenteditable="true" data-testid="status-attachment-mentions-input" role="textbox" spellcheck="true" style="-webkit-user-modify: read-write-plaintext-only; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; outline: none; text-align: initial; user-select: text; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<span data-offset-key="9bn8e-0-0" style="font-family: inherit;"><br data-text="true" /></span></div>
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<div data-testid="attachment-preview" style="font-family: inherit;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
</div>
<div class="_3o1x" style="font-family: inherit; height: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="_3enz _3eo2" style="font-family: inherit;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="_1j2v" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_1idc" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px 12px;">
</div>
<div class="_16ve _35mw" style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 235, 238); font-family: inherit; margin: 0px 12px; max-height: 88px; overflow-y: auto; padding: 8px 0px;">
<ul class="_16vg" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li class="_5xmp" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px;"><a aria-pressed="false" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" role="button" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><div class="_m_1 _1pnz" data-testid="activity-sprout" style="background: rgb(246, 247, 249); border-radius: 18px; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; position: relative;" uiconfig="[object Object]">
<i alt="" class="_4a0a img sp_V95nTYJ5e_V sx_836d54" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/y5/r/6y8Vlw06SCX.png"); background-position: 0px -586px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 20px; left: 9px; position: absolute; top: 6px; width: 20px;"></i><div class="_2aha" data-hover="tooltip" data-tooltip-content="Feeling/Activity" data-tooltip-delay="500" data-tooltip-display="overflow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4f56; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 15px 0px 35px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 134px;">
Feeling/Activity</div>
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</a></li>
<li class="_5xmp" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px;"><div class="_6a _4mvf _fk5" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; width: 117.797px;">
<span class="_m _5g_r" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><a aria-pressed="false" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" rel="ignore" role="button" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;"><div class="_m_1 _1pnt" style="background: rgb(246, 247, 249); border-radius: 18px; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; position: relative;" uiconfig="[object Object]">
<i alt="" class="_4a0a img sp_V95nTYJ5e_V sx_3a6779" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/y5/r/6y8Vlw06SCX.png"); background-position: 0px -691px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 20px; left: 9px; position: absolute; top: 6px; width: 20px;"></i><div class="_2aha" data-hover="tooltip" data-tooltip-content="Photo/Video" data-tooltip-delay="500" data-tooltip-display="overflow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4f56; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 15px 0px 35px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 117.797px;">
Photo/Video</div>
</div>
<div class="_3jk" style="font-family: inherit; height: 32px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 117.797px;">
<input accept="video/*, video/x-m4v, video/webm, video/x-ms-wmv, video/x-msvideo, video/3gpp, video/flv, video/x-flv, video/mp4, video/quicktime, video/mpeg, video/ogv, .ts, .mkv, image/*" class="_n _5f0v" containerclassname="_5g_r" data-testid="media-sprout" display="inline" id="js_3" multiple="" name="composer_photo[]" role="button" style="bottom: 0px; cursor: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1000px !important; height: 300px; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;" tabindex="0" type="file" /></div>
</a></span></div>
</li>
<li class="_5xmp" style="display: inline-block;"><div class="" style="font-family: inherit;">
<a aria-pressed="false" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson#" role="button" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><div class="_m_1 _1gr3" style="background: rgb(246, 247, 249); border-radius: 18px; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; position: relative; white-space: nowrap; width: 44px;" uiconfig="[object Object]">
<i alt="" class="_4a0a img sp_V95nTYJ5e_V sx_c917fd" style="background-image: url("/rsrc.php/v3/y5/r/6y8Vlw06SCX.png"); background-position: 0px -628px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; height: 20px; left: 12px; position: absolute; top: 6px; width: 20px;"></i><div class="_2aha" data-tooltip-delay="500" data-tooltip-display="overflow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4f56; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 15px 0px 35px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; width: 50px;">
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
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<div class="clearfix" style="font-family: inherit; zoom: 1;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><div class="_5dd8" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 10px; position: relative;">
<div class="composerAudienceWrapper stat_elem" style="font-family: inherit;">
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<div class="_6a uiPopover" id="u_0_25" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;">
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="_1mf7 _4jy0 _4jy3 _4jy1 _51sy selected _42ft" data-testid="react-composer-post-button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #4267b2; border-color: rgb(66, 103, 178); border-radius: 2px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-sizing: content-box; color: white; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 16px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), transform 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;" type="submit" value="1"><span class="" style="font-family: inherit;">Post</span></button></div>
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</div>
</div>
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</li>
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<div id="timeline_under_composer" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div id="timeline_scheduled_posts" style="font-family: inherit;">
</div>
</div>
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<ol class="_2t4u clearfix" data-referrer="pagelet_timeline_recent_ocm" id="u_0_1k_story" style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1;"><div class="_5pcb _4b0l" style="clear: left; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 0px;">
<div aria-describedby="js_2f" aria-labelledby="js_2e" class="_4-u2 mbm _4mrt _5jmm _5pat _5v3q _4-u8" data-fte="1" data-ftr="1" data-insertion-position="0" data-time="1522935709" id="tl_unit_846086308782457369" role="article" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 223, 226); font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="_3ccb" data-ft="{"tn":"-R"}" data-gt="{"type":"click2canvas","fbsource":703,"ref":"nf_generic"}" id="u_0_2c" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
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<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div class="_5x46 _1yz1 clearfix" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -1px; zoom: 1;">
<div class="clearfix _5va3" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -6px; zoom: 1;">
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<img alt="" aria-label="Sharon Anderson" class="_s0 _4ooo _5xib _5sq7 _44ma _rw img" role="img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p50x50/27654894_10214572329651398_3810587031547174899_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFDJXi6o-hj0p2m-AAUqfSJPKhSJNSWmQro1IZSJkf67i7RJS2bdeIxYM7Ro-vB5qKIlod7r5YrQ_toIGbnJberF7eBROgzgiYGpnzP945ohA&oh=7e1ccbaad3fc8db74c27df09ac75cbe3&oe=5B2971F8" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 40px; overflow: hidden; width: 40px;" /></div>
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<div style="font-family: inherit;">
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<span class="fwn fcg" style="color: #616770; font-family: inherit;"><span class="fwb" style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><a class="profileLink" data-ft="{"tn":"l"}" data-hovercard-prefer-more-content-show="1" data-hovercard-referer="ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag" data-hovercard="/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1516152589&extragetparams=%7B%22hc_ref%22%3A%22ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag%22%7D" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson?hc_ref=ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">Sharon Anderson</a></span> shared a <a class="profileLink" data-hovercard-prefer-more-content-show="1" data-hovercard-referer="ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag" data-hovercard="/ajax/hovercard/group.php?id=116697651741203&extragetparams=%7B%22hc_ref%22%3A%22ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag%22%7D" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/116697651741203/?hc_ref=ARQ_Kk7xfm2Hmt2IV_KjsWbYt1YEX0V40LL2V1gTvapztRQx3fvsICJDrlRl_YHj2Ag" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">group</a>.</span></h5>
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<span class="_5paw _14zs" data-ft="{"tn":"j"}" style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="fsm fwn fcg" style="color: #90949c; font-family: inherit;"><a class="_5pcq" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson/posts/10215080947646530" style="color: #616770; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="">2 hrs</a></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><div class="_6a _43_1 _4f-9 _nws _21o- _fol" id="u_0_2f" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: -5px -5px -4px -4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
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1,073 Members</div>
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<a class="_42ft _4jy0 _59x2 _59x2 _4jy3 _517h _51sy" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/116697651741203/" id="joinButton_116697651741203" role="button" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f6f7f9; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgb(206, 208, 212); box-sizing: content-box; color: #4b4f56; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: none; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), box-shadow 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1), transform 200ms cubic-bezier(0.08, 0.52, 0.52, 1); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><i class="_3-8_ img sp_08dnUyBU35F sx_4f3d5a" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yZ/r/py53dzp4rV5.png"); background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; bottom: 1px; display: inline-block; height: 12px; margin-right: 4px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 12px;"><u style="clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); height: 1px; left: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;">checkmark</u></i>Joined</a></div>
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<li class="_43q7 _8yc" style="border-width: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 2px 0px 0px 2px; vertical-align: top;"><a class="link" data-hover="tooltip" data-jsid="anchor" data-tooltip-content="Bernae VeraKruse" href="https://www.facebook.com/bernae.verakruse" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Bernae VeraKruse" class="_s0 _ry img" data-jsid="img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p50x50/27336893_10156683600419057_2766869171344967509_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFP2usDxaXkpcr90tTFuQtCS7bj_mLhTY8WAKVgcCSwBbbdfc4ifmhrAEGtE4nx83EpoVTipxvIPNhvNvHOauUJEwo6wXkq4h5kAmwqaFwikw&oh=c23933e097527afdbd0983f2add7c051&oe=5B69F1DC" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 32px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32px;" /></a></li>
<li class="_43q7 _8yc" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; display: inline-block; margin: 2px 0px 0px 2px; vertical-align: top;"><a class="link" data-hover="tooltip" data-jsid="anchor" data-tooltip-content="Michael Volpe" href="https://www.facebook.com/michael.volpe.560" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Michael Volpe" class="_s0 _ry img" data-jsid="img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p50x50/27067081_10155990210597488_7329329237410786213_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeEGWLakOQM-g8Xucg1PliZ5kz9nBL-0fGsOf3KKJ0hDLZCJ98L_Rj66b23SVCjNNmTkpMd0xDCUoHwOtBun2kGZyDAoZkw_AhTUyvI199z_1Q&oh=2fdf962d6302881f86779f055e6d4318&oe=5B2B0377" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 32px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32px;" /></a></li>
<li class="_43q7 _8yc" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; display: inline-block; margin: 2px 0px 0px 2px; vertical-align: top;"><a class="link" data-hover="tooltip" data-jsid="anchor" data-tooltip-content="Don Mashak" href="https://www.facebook.com/don.mashak" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Don Mashak" class="_s0 _ry img" data-jsid="img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/c8.0.50.50/p50x50/1798787_10152236513942884_1369231986_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeH8UyClAEx5uQKoqinREOTJYt7sNvr00tEL33-1epUo9qG84zqa9Imj_T-cZTYTYShserY_PBIPvqB5a2IpnOdZtBgR6RIhkifY8O-ocg8tRg&oh=c5b1bec8f7471cabee084ee6d9d3bcb0&oe=5B27C774" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 32px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32px;" /></a></li>
<li class="_43q7 _8yc" style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; display: inline-block; margin: 2px 0px 0px 2px; vertical-align: top;"><a class="link" data-hover="tooltip" data-jsid="anchor" data-tooltip-content="Bob Anderson" href="https://www.facebook.com/robert.o.anderson.167" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Bob Anderson" class="_s0 _ry img" data-jsid="img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p50x50/29062582_10217128265345289_107642330093191168_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeEW5h9nOmM5iM_EVZP9FggXHG7xS3zffiv0-vTMTBIH26p03aC1qO6Sg6t87LFYZu48rq_nbRZbu6Vwo9WfaMC2D2MjZpWphLjYPUqAawrhOg&oh=e5c614b812d55d7e05359a9674a80d4a&oe=5B6EEFBF" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 32px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 32px;" /></a></li>
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<img alt="Sharon Anderson" class="img UFIActorImage _54ru img" src="https://scontent-ort2-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p32x32/27654894_10214572329651398_3810587031547174899_n.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeFDJXi6o-hj0p2m-AAUqfSJPKhSJNSWmQro1IZSJkf67i7RJS2bdeIxYM7Ro-vB5qKIlod7r5YrQ_toIGbnJberF7eBROgzgiYGpnzP945ohA&oh=6352222ce76a5f019771afaf77b73be7&oe=5B62CF17" style="border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: block; height: 32px; overflow: hidden; width: 32px;" /></div>
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This is the unpublished opinion of Sandra Grazzini-Rucki's appeal of her criminal conviction in Dakota County from her involvement in the disappearance of her daughters, Samantha and Gianna Rucki.</div>
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<section class="mjbLeft"><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Clerk-of-Appellate-Courts/Supreme-Court-Appeal-Panel.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer">Supreme Court Appeal Panel Calendars</a><br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/mncourtsgov/media/Appellate/Clerk-of-the-Appellate-Courts/SCAP_Procedures_2-22-16.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Supreme Court Appeal Panel Procedures Effective 2/22/16</a></section><section class="mjbRight center"><h2>
Supreme Court Administrative File Archive</h2>
The following link is for Minnesota Supreme Court administrative files from the late 1970s through 2011:<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Clerk-of-Appellate-Courts/Administrative-File-Archive.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Administrative File Archive</a></li>
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The Supreme Court Appeal Panel (SCAP) is defined by <a href="https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=253B.19" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 253B.19</a>. There are currently three panels processing petitions. Hearing schedules are subject to change.</div>
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<a class="ui-tabs-anchor" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Clerk-of-Appellate-Courts/Supreme-Court-Appeal-Panel.aspx#tab01Panel1" id="ui-id-1" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="presentation" tabindex="-1">Panel One - Judge Asphaug</a></h3>
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<a class="ui-tabs-anchor" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Clerk-of-Appellate-Courts/Supreme-Court-Appeal-Panel.aspx#tab02Panel2" id="ui-id-2" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="presentation" tabindex="-1">Panel Two - Judge Rancourt</a></h3>
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<a class="ui-tabs-anchor" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Clerk-of-Appellate-Courts/Supreme-Court-Appeal-Panel.aspx#tab03Panel3" id="ui-id-3" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="presentation" tabindex="-1">Panel Three – Judge Higgs</a></h3>
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</section><aside class="sideBar"><div class="padding">
<span class="mjbAccessabilityFixH2">Questions?</span>Questions should be directed to the Clerk of Appellate Courts.<br /> <span class="noLink custom-phone">(651) 296-2581</span></div>
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<span class="mjbAccessabilityFixH2">Hearing Locations</span><strong>Panel One</strong><br />Unless otherwise noted, Panel One hearings are held at:<br /><br />Dakota County Northern Service Center<br />1 West Mendota Road<br />West St. Paul, MN 55118<br /> <a class="mjbLinkAnchor custom-map-pin" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Find-Courts/Dakota.aspx#Northern" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Dakota County Northern Service Center</a></div>
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<strong>Panel Two</strong><br />Unless otherwise noted, Panel Two hearings are held at:<br /><br />Washington County Courthouse<br />14949 62nd Street North<br />Stillwater, MN 55082<br /> <a class="mjbLinkAnchor custom-map-pin" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Find-Courts/Washington.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Washington County District Court</a></div>
<strong>Panel Three</strong><br />Unless otherwise noted, Panel Three hearings are held at:<br /><br />Ramsey County District Court<br />Room 1620<br />15 W. Kellogg Blvd<br />St. Paul, MN 55102<br /> <a class="mjbLinkAnchor custom-map-pin" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Find-Courts/Ramsey.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Ramsey County District Court</a></aside><aside class="sideBar"></aside><aside class="sideBar"></aside><aside class="sideBar"></aside><aside class="sideBar"><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">
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<a href="https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/ctappub/0509/opa050205-0913.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #660099; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">State of Minnesota, by its Attorney General, Mike Hatch, Respondent ...</a></h3>
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<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: grey;">Sep 13, 2005 - </span>The state, as <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> suing to prevent invasion of privacy by credit-card issuer and collector, vindicates a public interest even when it seeks victim-<wbr></wbr>specific relief and is not bound by the arbitration clause contained in victims' credit-card contracts.</span></div>
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by GJ Hanna - 2017 - <a class="fl" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:w9iVom9YPI8ErM:scholar.google.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #1a0dab; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Related articles</a></div>
<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: grey;">Dec 18, 2017 - </span>Abstract: The doctrine of <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> allows state attorneys general to represent state citizens in aggregate litigation suits ..... law], concluding that statutory <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> actions brought by the state <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Attorney General</span> on behalf ..... <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span>, 263 U.S. 365 (1923) (drainage of waterways);. Pennsylvania v.</span></div>
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<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;">Ezra T. Benson, Secretary of <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Agriculture</span>, Appellee, 274 F.2d 764 (D.C. Cir. 1960) case opinion from the US Court of Appeals for ... The District Court granted the Secretary's motion to dismiss the complaint on the ground that <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span> lacked standing to sue as <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span>. Under the decisions of the Supreme Court in ...</span></div>
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<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;">88 325D,43-.48, and has common law authority, including <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> authority, to bring this action on behalf of the State of <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span> and its citizens to enforce <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota's</span> laws. 3. Fresh New Taste, LLC is a<span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span> limited liability company with its principal executive office address listed with the <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span>Secretary ...</span></div>
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<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: grey;">Jul 2, 2012 - </span>First, the Court has no jurisdiction over the <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Attorney General's</span> Health. Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) claims because she has not alleged an “injury-in-fact” that would support Article III standing. As <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span>, the <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Attorney General</span> must allege an injury-in-fact to <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span> ...</span></div>
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<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: grey;">Jul 12, 2017 - </span>COMPLAINT. The State of <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span>, by its <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Attorney General</span>, Lori Swanson, for its Complaint against ... 325F.68-.694; and has common law authority, including <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> authority, to bring this action to ... communications services in the State of <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span> and it is a subsidiary of CenturyLink, Inc., a.</span></div>
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by BE Metz - <a class="fl" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=12560614449276878184" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #1a0dab; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Cited by 2</a> - <a class="fl" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:aH3J6UpEUK66fM:scholar.google.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #1a0dab; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Related articles</a></div>
<span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;">state <span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">attorney general</span> and a private class representative seek to represent the same class members, the<span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">parens patriae</span> action is superior to that of a private class action. ..... Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan,<span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-weight: bold;">Minnesota</span>, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New. Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, ...</span></div>
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<u style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><u><u><span lang="0" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong><strong><u><a href="http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.aspx?nid=67" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> S</a><a href="http://sharons-psychic-whispers.blogspot.com/2008/04/sharons-gypsy-curse-court-cop.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">harons-Psychic-Whispers: Sharons Gypsy Curse-Court-Cop Corruption 3Apr0</a></u></strong></strong></span></u></u></u></div>
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<u style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><u><u><span lang="0" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong><strong><u><a href="http://www.givemeliberty.org/RTPlawsuit/courtfilings/Docket.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.givemelerty.org/RTPlawsuit/courtfilings/Docket.htm</a><a href="http://sharon4council.blogspot.com/2008/02/dlj-managment-v-city-st-paul-a06-2118.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sharon4Council: DLJ Managment v. City St. Paul A06-2118,Money Launderin</a><a href="http://sharon4council.blogspot.com/2008/02/dlj-managment-v-city-st-paul-a06-2118.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">No direct un-apportioned tax confirmed by the US Supreme Court rulings in CHAS. C. STEWARDMACH. CO. v. DAVIS, 301 U.S. 548, 581-582(1937)</a><a href="http://sharon4council.blogspot.com/2008/02/dlj-managment-v-city-st-paul-a06-2118.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> g</a></u></strong></strong></span></u></u></u></div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-35727626228840560062014-04-28T10:18:00.000-07:002014-04-28T10:26:32.269-07:00Alex JEROME ET AL Relators vs CitySt.Paul RespondantsA13-0313<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa130313-042814.pdf">A13-0313</a><br /> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Alex Jerome, et al., Relators, vs. City of St. Paul, Respondent.<br /> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Affirmed. Judge Matthew E. Johnson.<br /> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">City of St. Paul.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa130313-042814.pdf">http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa130313-042814.pdf</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></span><br />
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<strong>This opinion will be unpublished and<br />may not be
cited except as provided by<br />Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).<br />STATE
OF MINNESOTA<br />IN COURT OF APPEALS<br />A13-0313<br />Alex Jerome, et
al.,<br />Relators,<br />vs.<br />City of St. Paul,<br />Respondent.<br />Filed April 28,
2014<br />Affirmed<br />Johnson, Judge<br />City of St. Paul<br />File No. RLH RR
12-68<br />Larry Leventhal, Elizabeth Royal, Larry Leventhal & Associates, St.
Paul, Minnesota (for<br />relators)<br />Sara R. Grewing, St. Paul City Attorney,
Virginia D. Palmer, Assistant City Attorney, St.<br />Paul, Minnesota (for
respondent)<br />Considered and decided by Cleary, Presiding Judge; Johnson,
Judge; and<br />Rodenberg, Judge.<br />U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O
N<br />JOHNSON, Judge<br />Alex Jerome and Ameena Samatar purchased a vacant
building that the City of St.<br />Paul previously had declared to be a nuisance.
After their purchase, the city suspended<br />2<br />its nuisance-abatement process
to give them an opportunity to rehabilitate the building.<br />But after several
months and multiple hearings, Jerome and Samatar failed to satisfy the<br />city’s
requirements for a further suspension of the nuisance-abatement process.
After<br />several extensions of time, the city council eventually adopted a
resolution that ordered<br />the building to be either repaired or removed within
30 days. We conclude that the city<br />council’s decision is not arbitrary,
capricious, oppressive, or unreasonable, and is<br />supported by substantial
evidence; that the city’s procedures were not unlawful, irregular,<br />or
contrary to city ordinance; and that the city did not violate Jerome’s and
Samatar’s<br />rights to due process. Therefore, we affirm.<br />FACTS<br />The
building at issue in this case is a two-story commercial building located at
601<br />Western Avenue North. The building previously was occupied at various
times by the<br />Moonlight Magic Bar, a bar called Lucy’s, and Wilebski’s Blues
Saloon. But the<br />building has been vacant since December 2011.<br />In May 2012,
the city performed an inspection of the building, which revealed<br />multiple
code violations, including a deteriorated roof, a foundation in need of
repair,<br />defective interior ceilings, rodent infestation, mold, open plumbing,
loose and open<br />electrical wiring, and the lack of a properly installed and
operable smoke detector. On<br />June 1, 2012, the city declared the building to
be a nuisance and ordered that the nuisance<br />be abated by July 1, 2012. At the
same time, the city gave notice to the owners and<br />interested parties of
record: Bayview Loan Servicing, the Murnane Brandt law firm, and<br />the Internal
Revenue Service.<br />3<br />On July 13, 2012, the city sent a notice of public
hearing to the interested parties<br />of record, informing them that a hearing
before a legislative-hearing officer (LHO) was<br />scheduled for August 14, 2012.
The notice also stated that a public hearing before the<br />city council was
scheduled for September 5, 2012, to consider a resolution ordering the<br />repair
or removal of the building.<br />Between July 17 and 19, 2012, relators Jerome and
Samatar purchased the<br />property. Relators acknowledge that they were aware
before their purchase that an order<br />to abate nuisance had been issued. On
July 31, 2012, the city performed a follow-up<br />inspection, which is summarized
in a report listing eight pages of building-, fire-, and<br />safety-code
violations.<br />Over the next four months, city staff held four legislative
hearings concerning the<br />property, and the city council considered the matter
at five meetings. The first legislative<br />hearing occurred on August 14, 2012.
The LHO first asked the city’s code-enforcement<br />officer to give a report on
the status of the property. The LHO then asked the codeenforcement<br />officer
about the current owners of the property. At that time, Samatar came<br />forward
and stated that she and Jerome recently had purchased the property, a fact
of<br />which the LHO previously was unaware. After further discussion with the
LHO, Samatar<br />stated that she and Jerome had not decided on their intended use
of the building, but they<br />anticipated that the first floor would be used for
a retail store of some kind and that the<br />second floor would be used for
either offices or a wedding hall. City staff informed<br />Samatar that the paved
parking lot next to the building is zoned residential and would<br />need to be
rezoned if relators wanted to use it for parking. The LHO noted that taxes
had<br />4<br />been paid, that the vacant building fee had been paid, that a
performance deposit had<br />been posted, and that the “only things left then are
plans to do the rehab and<br />demonstration that there is the money available to
execute the rehab.” The LHO stated<br />that the city needed three things from
relators: (1) contractor bids, (2) a work plan, and<br />(3) a demonstration of
available funds to complete the project. The LHO asked Samatar<br />to submit a
work plan by August 28, 2012, or to let her know if relators needed
more<br />time. Samatar acknowledged each of the LHO’s statements. Throughout the
hearing, the<br />LHO expressed enthusiasm about the project and told Samatar,
“I’m excited that you’re<br />doing this.”<br />On September 5, 2012, the city
council considered the matter at a public hearing<br />for the first time.
Relators were present. They previously had submitted to the LHO a<br />bank
statement indicating a balance of approximately $46,000, a $50,000
home-equity<br />line-of-credit statement, and a spreadsheet with the estimated
costs of the project. The<br />LHO reported to the city council that relators had
submitted a work plan and financial<br />statements but that they were “very
sketchy, a few lines long” and “woefully inadequate<br />to demonstrate the
capacity to execute the rehab for this property.” Because of the<br />inadequate
documentation, the LHO recommended that the city council adopt a<br />resolution
to repair or remove the property but asked that the matter be laid over for
two<br />weeks to allow time for notice of the recommendation to be sent to
relators.<br />Relators spoke in opposition to the LHO’s recommendation. The
council<br />president informed relators that the work plan they had provided was
inadequate because<br />it needed to “have more detail in it.” Jerome responded:
“I can do it in phases, so the first<br />5<br />time I’m going to do the outside,
and then the second time I’m going to do the electrical<br />and the water, and
then I can do the rest. That’s the plan.” Council Member Carter then<br />sought
to clarify exactly what the city needed from relators, apparently to ensure
that<br />relators understood the city’s expectations:<br />COUNCIL MEMBER CARTER:
[W]hat we need<br />from you is like a more specific written work plan, like
with<br />real specific bids from contractors about each different part of<br />the
work that needs to be performed . . . . [Y]ou’ve got a list<br />of orders from
the City, right, that says here’s all the things<br />that the City wants done on
the property?<br />JEROME: Yeah, I have a very long list of things that<br />get
done, but --<br />COUNCIL MEMBER CARTER: Right. So what we<br />need from you in
order to -- so what we need from you is a<br />real specific work plan that says,
Here’s how I’m -- here’s<br />how I’m going to address all of these issues on this
list and<br />here’s some specific bids from contractors who will actually<br />be
doing the work. I will need a demonstration that you have<br />the resources to be
able to do those things, so that -- so that<br />we can have some confidence that
work will actually be done.<br />JEROME: I’ve put a lot of money into
this<br />product -- to this project already, and, you know -- and I
have<br />absolute confidence that I can do it. And I can’t -- you know,<br />all I
can say is, you know, this is -- this is what I’ve got. I<br />mean, I already did
the tuck pointing on the outside, so I<br />spent $7,000. That’s what I
spent.<br />COUNCIL MEMBER CARTER: Okay.<br />JEROME: I’ve done the electrical.
That, I spent<br />twenty-two hundred there. What else am I -- am I supposed<br />to
-- I hired contractors and I let them do the work. And I<br />gave out some -- you
know, whatever I thought was<br />appropriate.<br />COUNCIL MEMBER CARTER:
Okay.<br />6<br />JEROME: But I, you know -- I’m not -- I have done<br />this
before.<br />COUNCIL MEMBER CARTER: I understand.<br />JEROME: I’m confident I can
do it.<br />Samatar then addressed the city council, stating that she and Jerome
had provided<br />the financial documents required by the city. She referred to a
spreadsheet and stated,<br />“[T]his is the plan of how to spend the money on the
property.” Jerome also referred to<br />the spreadsheet and stated: “This is the
plan. This is it. I mean, it shows little<br />spreadsheets, estimates of what we
think is going to be spent on the thing, but -- you<br />know, if we had, you
know, millions of dollars, we could have used it, you know, for<br />fancy plans,
but we don’t. We have, you know, limited means . . . but we have<br />experience
and we can do it.” Council Member Carter suggested that a one-on-one<br />meeting
might help and said that he would try to meet with relators the next day.
Council<br />Member Carter moved to accept the LHO’s recommendation for a two-week
layover and<br />said to relators, “Hopefully we can work together and get it
figured out between now and<br />then.” The city council approved the motion by a
vote of seven to zero.<br />After the September 5, 2012 city council meeting, the
city sent relators a followup<br />letter via e-mail to confirm that the matter
had been heard by the city council and<br />would be continued to its September
19, 2012 meeting. The letter further stated:<br />[Y]ou need to submit a detailed
work plan in accordance with<br />the code compliance inspection report or a sworn
construction<br />statement by your contractor for the project. [The LHO]
will<br />also need an affidavit dedicating the funds from an account<br />for this
project. These conditions need to be submitted to our<br />office by Monday,
September 10. If you wish to attend the<br />7<br />Legislative Hearing on Tuesday,
September 11 . . . to go over<br />your plans and affidavit, please let me know
and I will add<br />you to the Agenda.<br />The record does not indicate that
relators contacted the city to request to be added to the<br />September 11, 2012
legislative-hearing agenda.<br />On September 19, 2012, the city council
considered the matter at a public hearing<br />for the second time. Neither
Samatar nor Jerome was present. With respect to relators’<br />property, Council
Member Carter stated: “Yep, we’re still working on it. We’ve got<br />some
momentum going and I’m told by the legislative hearing officer that we’ve
got<br />some positive indicators, but it’s not done yet, so I’m going to ask for
a four-week<br />layover.” The city council approved a motion to lay the matter
over to October 17, 2012,<br />by a vote of seven to zero.<br />On September 25,
2012, the second legislative hearing occurred. Samatar was<br />present; Jerome
was not. Relators still had not provided the city with a detailed work<br />plan,
contractor bids, or affidavits indicating that funds were dedicated to the
project.<br />The LHO again informed Samatar of the city’s requirements: “We’ve
got to get the<br />building stabilized . . . . And then to pick a use for it, get
the zone in place, and develop<br />plans that are specific to that use.” Samatar
stated that she intended the second floor to<br />be a rental hall and the first
floor to be a restaurant on one side and a retail store on the<br />other side.
There was extensive discussion between Samatar and city staff with respect
to<br />parking, zoning, and licensing issues that might arise, depending on the
ultimate use of<br />the building. The LHO instructed Samatar to schedule a
meeting for the following week<br />with a particular person in the department of
safety and inspections to discuss the<br />8<br />parking, zoning, and licensing
issues. The LHO expressed concern that relators had not<br />yet obtained bids to
determine the cost of the project. Samatar confirmed that an<br />architect would
be putting together a report with detailed cost estimates, which would
be<br />ready for the city’s review by the end of the week. The LHO instructed
Samatar to speak<br />with her bank and with Historic Saint Paul, a non-profit
organization, to discuss<br />financing. The LHO concluded by stating that the
matter would be laid over for six<br />weeks, to November 13, 2012, to allow
Samatar time to meet those requirements. The<br />LHO also stated that she would
ask the city council to lay the matter over to its<br />December 5, 2012
meeting.<br />On October 17, 2012, the city council considered the matter at a
public hearing for<br />the third time. Neither Samatar nor Jerome was present.
The LHO suggested that the<br />matter be laid over to the December 5, 2012
council meeting. The LHO stated that she<br />had scheduled two legislative
hearings in November, which would provide “a chance to<br />not only have the
plans developed, but then revised, if necessary, and there could be<br />continued
staffing on this issue.” Council Member Carter asked the LHO whether she<br />had
the sense that relators were working with the city in good faith and actually
could<br />complete the rehabilitation. In response, the LHO stated that some
progress had been<br />made (specifically, that a structural-engineering analysis
had occurred) but that the city<br />had not yet received certain documents. She
also stated that work on rezoning had been<br />suspended because relators had not
yet informed the city how they intended to use the<br />property. The LHO
concluded by saying that she could not give the project a<br />“resounding
endorsement at this time” but that the city was providing assistance
to<br />9<br />relators to help them succeed. Council Member Carter stated that he
“wonder[s] if the<br />owner understands the kind of severity of what we’re
discussing right now” but that “it<br />sounds like some progress is being made.”
Council Member Carter moved to lay the<br />matter over to December 5, 2012. The
city council approved the motion by a vote of<br />seven to zero.<br />Shortly
thereafter, the city mailed a letter to relators to give them notice of
the<br />legislative hearings scheduled for November 13 and 27, 2012. The letter
also informed<br />relators of the work that needed to be accomplished before the
hearings:<br />In the meantime, you will need to:<br />1) work with Larry Zangs on
rezoning issues and<br />necessary license applications for assembly usage;<br />2)
work with your architect on costs and plans, a<br />real estate agent on market
value of the property (when the<br />structural analysis is complete and you have
preliminary<br />plans from the architect, please share them with our
office),<br />and<br />3) work with Craig O’Brien, PED, on additional<br />funding, if
needed. We also recommend that you explore<br />project funding with Historic
Saint Paul. This is the link to<br />the website: </strong><a href="http://www.historicsaintpaul.org/loans"><strong>http://www.historicsaintpaul.org/loans</strong></a><strong>.<br />On
November 13, 2012, the third legislative hearing occurred. Neither
Samatar<br />nor Jerome was present. The prior evening, Jerome had sent an e-mail
message to the<br />legislative-hearing coordinator, saying: “We can’t make it
tomorrow. Our understanding<br />is there is a hearing scheduled on 601 Western
Ave. N St Paul, however the owners have<br />too many pressing issues that have to
be addressed.” At the hearing, the LHO told the<br />legislative-hearing
coordinator to send relators a letter stating that “they’ve got to
come<br />10<br />in with all of their plans together on the 27th, and if they
don’t, my recommendation will<br />be for the property’s removal with no option.”
On November 15, 2012, the legislativehearing<br />coordinator sent an e-mail
message to Jerome, stating, “This is to confirm that if<br />the conditions don’t
meet by November 27, [the LHO] will recommend removal of the<br />building with no
option for repair.”<br />On November 27, 2012, the fourth and final legislative
hearing occurred. Samatar<br />was present; Jerome was not. The LHO reiterated
that the city had requested the<br />structural-engineer’s report, contractor
bids, an affidavit to prove adequate financing, and<br />a scope-of-work document,
but stated that she had not yet received any of the required<br />documents.
Samatar then gave some documents to the LHO. After reviewing the<br />documents,
the LHO stated that Samatar had presented documents regarding financing<br />and
contractor bids but that the documents were inadequate. Specifically, the LHO
stated<br />that the bank statements provided by Samatar were inadequate because
no affidavit<br />states, as required, that funds would be segregated for the
rehabilitation project. The<br />LHO stated that the contractor bids were
unacceptable because they were unsigned,<br />lacked detail, and did not provide
timelines in which the work would take place. The<br />LHO informed Samatar that
she would recommend to the city council that the building be<br />repaired or
removed within 30 days.<br />On December 5, 2012, the city council considered the
matter at a public hearing<br />for the fourth time. The LHO recommended that the
city council order the building to be<br />repaired or removed within 30 days. In
the alternative, if the city council wished to give<br />relators more time, she
recommended the following conditions: (1) that relators develop
a<br />11<br />scope-of-work document; (2) that relators place the funds for the
rehabilitation in escrow;<br />and (3) that relators hire a project manager to
handle day-to-day decisions on the project.<br />Jason LeTourneau then addressed
the city council. He stated that he had been<br />hired by relators three weeks
earlier to be the project manager. He stated that he had<br />learned of the
abatement proceedings only the prior week and had not previously realized<br />the
amount of work required. Council Member Carter communicated to LeTourneau
that<br />the city would give relators only one more chance:<br />And this is what
I’m trying to tell you. Like, we -- we are<br />literally -- I want you guys to
succeed. I really do. We’re<br />literally beyond the place where, you know, where
I’ve been<br />comfortable with this for a while, honestly, you know, but<br />want
you guys to succeed, so we’re trying to give you guys<br />every opportunity to.
We’re sort of at the end of the<br />opportunity, all right?<br />Council Member
Carter then stated that he would support another layover with the<br />conditions
recommended by the LHO. He noted that the third condition had been
met<br />because LeTourneau had been hired as project manager. He stated that the
second<br />condition, placing the funds in escrow, should be easy to meet within
two weeks. He<br />then asked LeTourneau how long it would take to develop a
scope-of-work document.<br />LeTourneau requested 30 days. Council Member Carter
stated his position as follows:<br />Okay. . . . [S]o here’s what my inclination
is going to do -- is<br />going to be: I’m going to ask for a two-week layover.
Within<br />two weeks’ time -- we’ve already got an outside project<br />manager,
which is you Mr. LeTourneau. We should be able<br />to have the funds in escrow.
That seems like that should take<br />a couple minutes to do, right? And then, you
know, so get to<br />work on the scope for us.<br />12<br />LeTourneau responded,
“Absolutely.” Council Member Carter confirmed that relators<br />and LeTourneau
were clear about the three conditions that needed to be met, and then
he<br />moved to lay the resolution over until the city council’s December 19,
2012 meeting.<br />The city council approved the motion by a vote of six to
zero.<br />Nothing in the record indicates that relators made any progress on the
city<br />council’s three conditions after the December 5, 2012 meeting. On
December 19, 2012,<br />the city council considered the matter at a public hearing
for the fifth and final time.<br />Neither Samatar nor Jerome nor LeTourneau was
present. The city council unanimously<br />approved a resolution ordering the
repair or removal of the building within 30 days.<br />Relators appeal by way of a
writ of certiorari.<br />D E C I S I O N<br />“Decisions of administrative agencies,
including cities, are presumed to be correct,<br />and this court will reverse or
modify an agency decision only if a party’s substantial<br />rights have been
prejudiced because the decision exceeded the agency’s statutory<br />authority,
was made upon unlawful procedure, was affected by other error of law, or
was<br />arbitrary or capricious.” Rostamkhani v. City of St. Paul, 645 N.W.2d
479, 483 (Minn.<br />App. 2002) (citing In re Excess Surplus Status of Blue Cross
& Blue Shield of Minn., 624<br />N.W.2d 264, 277 (Minn. 2001)). This court’s
review is “limited to the evidence in the<br />record,” and the city’s decision
must be upheld if it has “a legal basis demonstrated by<br />substantial
evidence.” Id. (citing Cable Communications Bd. v. Nor-West
Cable<br />Communications P’shp, 356 N.W.2d 658, 668 (Minn. 1984)). The city’s
decision is<br />arbitrary and capricious only if it<br />13<br />(1) relied on
factors not intended by the ordinance;<br />(2) entirely failed to consider an
important aspect of the issue;<br />(3) offered an explanation that conflicts with
the evidence; or<br />(4) it is so implausible that it could not be explained as
a<br />difference in view or the result of the city’s expertise.<br />Id. at
484.<br />The city’s ordinances define a “nuisance building” to mean a “vacant
building or<br />portion of a vacant building as defined in section 43.02 which
has multiple housing code<br />or building code violations.” St. Paul, Minn.,
Legislative Code § 45.02 (2007). Once the<br />city determines that a building is
a nuisance building, the city is authorized to take steps<br />to abate the
nuisance. St. Paul, Minn., Legislative Code § 45.08 (2004). Property
owners<br />typically are given six months to rehabilitate the property, but one
six-month extension of<br />that period may be approved if it can be shown that
the code-compliance work is<br />proceeding expeditiously and is more than fifty
percent complete, or “if unforeseen<br />conditions have had significant schedule
impact on the completion of work.” St. Paul,<br />Minn., Legislative Code §
33.03(f)(4) (2009). The building at issue in this case has been<br />vacant since
at least 2011 and has a documented history of code violations, as
described<br />above. Relators’ own structural engineer and architect identified
several areas of the<br />building that were in significant disrepair and in
violation of city code.<br />Relators raise a number of arguments as to why the
city council’s decision is<br />erroneous and should be reversed. We address each
of them in turn.<br />14<br />A.<br />Relators argue that the city council’s decision
is not based on substantial evidence<br />because there is “undisputed evidence”
in the record of relators’ substantial completion of<br />the city’s
requirements.<br />The evidence in the record does not support relators’ argument
that they had<br />substantially completed the abatement requirements, even if
substantial compliance<br />would be sufficient. Between September and November
2012, relators repeatedly were<br />informed that they needed to provide the city
with three things: (1) contractor bids, (2) a<br />work plan, (3) and a
demonstration of available funds to complete the project. Relators<br />never
satisfied those requirements. Although relators submitted some information,
the<br />documentation was deemed inadequate. The city explained to relators on
multiple<br />occasions why the documents they had provided were inadequate, and
further explained<br />specifically what relators needed to provide in order to
meet the city’s requirements. But<br />relators failed to cure the deficiencies,
despite repeated extensions of time.<br />Thus, the city council’s decision is
based on substantial evidence.<br />B.<br />Relators argue that the city council’s
decision is arbitrary and capricious because it<br />“failed to consider
undisputed evidence submitted by Relators that they were prepared to<br />take all
appropriate remedial action immediately to complete their renovation of
the<br />subject building.” Similarly, relators argue that the city council failed
to consider an<br />important aspect of the issue because it failed to consider
the degree of project<br />completion and relators’ willingness to complete the
project.<br />15<br />This argument is inconsistent with the record. Relators’
project manager admitted<br />during the December 5, 2012 city council meeting
that he previously was unaware of the<br />extent of work to be done and needed
more time to prepare a scope-of-work document.<br />Council Member Carter made
clear that relators had one last chance to prove that they<br />had the capacity
to complete the project. He suggested three conditions that needed to
be<br />satisfied by the city council’s next meeting on December 19, 2012, to keep
the project<br />alive. The third of those conditions was the scope-of-work
document. There is no<br />evidence in the record, and no argument by relators,
that relators ever submitted that<br />document to the city.<br />Relators contend
that the city failed to consider that they were “willing” to fulfill<br />the
city’s conditions. Again, their contention is inconsistent with the record,
which<br />clearly indicates that they did not fulfill the city’s conditions, even
after being given<br />multiple opportunities. Contrary to relators’ contention,
it appears that the city did<br />consider the extent of relators’ progress and
their willingness to complete the project and<br />simply found both
wanting.<br />Thus, the city council’s decision is not arbitrary and capricious,
and the city did<br />not fail to consider an important aspect of the
issue.<br />C.<br />Relators argue that the city council’s decision is so
implausible that it cannot be<br />explained as a difference in view or the result
of the city’s expertise. Relators contend<br />that this is so because relators
had repaired the roof and the nuisance “was almost wholly<br />abated by the time
the Council rendered its decision.”<br />16<br />Contrary to relators’ argument, the
record does not indicate that relators had done<br />the work required by the city
or any substantial portion of the work required. The record<br />shows that
relators did a relatively minor amount of work related to tuckpointing
and<br />electrical wiring. Relators also failed to submit the documents required
by the city to<br />suspend its nuisance-abatement process. The city’s decision
can be explained by the<br />city’s expertise in managing the abatement of
nuisance property and relators’ failure to<br />meet the conditions imposed by the
city.<br />Thus, the city council’s decision is not so implausible that it must be
overturned.<br />D.<br />Relators argue that the city relied on factors not intended
by the ordinance because<br />the LHO was concerned with the aesthetics of the
rehabilitation project, a factor not<br />addressed by city
ordinance.<br />Relators’ argument is based on comments made by the LHO at the
first legislative<br />hearing, on August 14, 2012:<br />I would love to see this
building fixed. There’s a lot of<br />things that could be done to make it look
horrible, and there’s<br />some things that can be done to make it look great. . .
. So if<br />it can be a handsome part of that neighborhood . . . you know,<br />and
a reputable business, great.<br />This comment is not connected to the city
council’s decision four months later to order<br />the building repaired or
removed. Relators never were “legally obligated to restore the<br />building to
please the LHO’s sense of aesthetics,” as they argue in their brief. Indeed,
at<br />the same legislative hearing, the LHO clarified that relators needed to
provide the city<br />with only three things: (1) contractor bids, (2) a work
plan, (3) and a demonstration of<br />17<br />available funds to complete the
project. The city never referred to aesthetics in any of the<br />requirements
imposed on relators.<br />Thus, the city did not rely on factors not intended by
the ordinance.<br />E.<br />Relators argue that “the City’s decision that
demolition, without any right to repair<br />the structure, is clearly oppressive
and unreasonable.” Relators are incorrect in arguing<br />that the city council’s
resolution deprives them of the right to repair the building. Even<br />after the
resolution was approved, relators still had an opportunity to repair the
structure,<br />pursuant to the city’s conditions. Furthermore, relators had ample
opportunity to make<br />repairs before the city council’s December 19, 2012
meeting. Thus, the city council’s<br />decision is not oppressive and
unreasonable.<br />F.<br />Relators argue that the city council’s decision was made
upon unlawful procedures<br />because the city’s enforcement officer did not
“appear and present evidence” to the city<br />council.<br />Relators rely on a city
ordinance that requires the city council, as part of the<br />nuisance-abatement
process, to hold a public hearing at which the city council “shall hear<br />from
the enforcement officer and any other parties who wish to be heard.” St.
Paul,<br />Minn., Legislative Code § 45.11, subd. 5 (2005). The record indicates
that the city’s<br />code-enforcement officer was present at all four legislative
hearings. He testified at<br />length at the first legislative hearing. The city
council was provided with the minutes of<br />each of the legislative hearings,
including a half-page description of his testimony at the<br />18<br />first
legislative hearing. The city council also was provided with the order to
abate<br />nuisance, which had been prepared by the vacant-buildings enforcement
inspector; a code<br />compliance report, which was prepared by city inspectors;
and over 40 photographs of<br />the property. The city council’s resolution states
that the city council reviewed the<br />exhibits from the department of safety and
inspections, the minutes of the legislative<br />hearings, and the testimony given
at the legislative hearings. Relators cite no authority<br />for the proposition
that the city council must receive the code-enforcement officer’s<br />testimony
orally instead of in writing. Furthermore, it does not appear that relators
were<br />prejudiced by the written format of the testimony because relators never
challenged the<br />accuracy of that testimony.<br />Thus, the city council’s
decision was not made upon unlawful procedures.<br />G.<br />Relators argue that the
city council’s decision constitutes an unlawful taking of<br />their property
because the city prevented them from rehabilitating the property by<br />denying
them permits, giving them inadequate time to resolve zoning issues,
and<br />requiring them to put money in escrow.<br />In their brief, relators cite
the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution,<br />which provides that
“private property [shall not] be taken for public use without
just<br />compensation.” U.S. Const. amend. V. Relators do not develop their
argument any<br />further by stating what is required for a regulatory taking or
by citing any legal authority.<br />“An assignment of error based on mere
assertion and not supported by any argument or<br />authorities in [an]
appellant’s brief is waived and will not be considered on appeal
unless<br />19<br />prejudicial error is obvious on mere inspection.” Kaehler v.
Kaehler, 219 Minn. 536,<br />537, 18 N.W.2d 312, 313 (1945).<br />City staff
refrained from issuing permits for the property because, as was<br />explained to
Jerome, the appropriate permits could not be issued until relators
decided<br />how the property would be used. The city did not arbitrarily deny
permits to relators to<br />prevent them from rehabilitating the property. The
city simply required relators to follow<br />certain steps to ensure that time,
money, and resources were not wasted. The zoning<br />issues remained unresolved
because relators never decided how the property would be<br />used. Furthermore,
it was not unreasonable for the city to require relators to put funds
in<br />escrow.<br />Thus, relators have not established that the city council’s
decision constitutes an<br />unlawful taking of their property.<br />H.<br />Relators
argue that the city discriminated against them on the basis of race
or<br />national origin in violation of their constitutional rights to due
process. This court may<br />consider such a claim on a petition for a writ of
certiorari, even though the claim was not<br />presented to the city. See Holt v.
State Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, 431 N.W.2d 905, 906-07<br />(Minn. App. 1988), review
denied (Minn. Jan. 13, 1989).<br />Relators’ discrimination claim is based
primarily on their assertion that the city’s<br />LHO described relators’ plans
for the rehabilitated building in a derogatory manner as a<br />“joke.” Relators’
brief states, “When Samatar described several potential usages, each<br />designed
to serve the Somali Community, the LHO understood that she was appearing
as<br />20<br />a new owner [and] described the situation as ‘a joke.’” At oral
argument, relators’<br />counsel stated further that the LHO’s remark was a
reaction to meeting Samatar, who<br />presented as a Muslim woman dressed in a
hijab.<br />The comment at issue was made during the first legislative hearing.
The LHO was<br />not previously aware that the property had been sold. After
Samatar came forward and<br />said that she and her husband were the new owners of
the building, the LHO engaged in<br />some informal conversation with Samatar,
including the following exchange:<br />L.H.O.: Do you folks live in town here or
--<br />SAMATAR: We’re living in Minneapolis actually.<br />L.H.O.: In Minneapolis.
Oh, all right. [Laughter.]<br />It’s a joke.<br />The audio-recording of the hearing
reveals that the LHO used a sarcastic tone when<br />saying, “Oh, all right.” The
audio-recording also reveals that some persons who were<br />present (but not the
LHO or Samatar) briefly engaged in some mild laughter in response<br />to the
LHO’s remark. The LHO then said, “It’s a joke,” as if to explain to Samatar
that<br />her sarcastic remark was an inside joke among city employees. Most
importantly, for<br />purposes of relators’ discrimination claim, the
audio-recording does not give a listener<br />the impression that the LHO was
referring in any way to Samatar’s race or national origin<br />when she either
made the joking remark or referred back to it. Rather, the
audiorecording<br />gives the strong impression that the LHO’s joking remark
referred to relators’<br />residence in the city of Minneapolis rather than the
city of St. Paul. The LHO’s remarks<br />appear quite clearly to be an example of
the rather common and innocuous practice of<br />21<br />residents of the Twin
Cities to comment on, and sometimes joke about, the lighthearted<br />rivalry
between two cities.<br />Furthermore, at the time of the LHO’s remark, there had
not yet been any<br />discussion regarding the potential uses of the property. The
first time Samatar mentioned<br />her ideas for potential uses of the property was
later in that hearing, when she said that<br />she and Jerome anticipated that the
first floor would be used for a retail store of some<br />kind and that the second
floor would be used for either offices or a wedding hall. The<br />record
indicates that, at a later date, relators told the city that they planned to use
the<br />second floor of the property as a rental hall for weddings and events and
the first floor as<br />a restaurant on one side and a retail store on the other.
Contrary to relators’ appellate<br />arguments, relators never indicated to anyone
associated with the city that they intended<br />to use the property for a purpose
specifically associated with the Somali community, at<br />least as far as the
record reveals. At oral argument, relators’ counsel repeatedly stated<br />that
relators had planned to use the property as a “Somali meeting hall.” But there
is<br />nothing in the record to support that assertion. If relators intended for
the building to<br />serve the Somali community, it appears from the record that
they never communicated<br />that intention to the city in any way.<br />Thus,
relators’ claim that the city discriminated against them on the basis of
race<br />or national origin in violation of their constitutional rights to due
process is without merit.<br />22<br />In sum, each of relators’ arguments is
without merit. The city did not commit<br />reversible error in any respect.
Accordingly, we affirm the city council’s decision to<br />approve a resolution
requiring the repair or removal of the building within 30
days.<br />Affirmed.</strong></div>
</span></span>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-39138186225204004472013-09-09T02:06:00.001-07:002013-09-09T02:12:59.938-07:00Sharon4Anderson_v_LenardFieldingMD_Brainard_Lufsky_1997<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">ENBERG v. BONDE<span>No. CX-81-789.</span></a></div>
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<h5>
331 N.W.2d 731 (1983)</h5>
</div>
<div class="case_name_container">
<h4>
<party>Lanny ENBERG, Appellant,<br />v.<br />John R. BONDE, etc., et al., Respondents.</party></h4>
</div>
<!--case_name_container --><div class="case_small_content">
<h5 style="text-align: center;">
Supreme Court of Minnesota.</h5>
<h5 style="text-align: center;">
<span>March 18, 1983.</span></h5>
<div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</div>
<h5>
<attorney><page no="732" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> Linda Ojala, MCLU, Gray, Plant, Mooty, Mooty & Bennett and Susan L. Lentz, Minneapolis, for appellant.</page></attorney><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 5px;">
</div>
</h5>
<h5>
<attorney>Hubert H. Humphrey III, Atty. Gen., and Paul G. Zerby, Asst. Atty. Gen., Minneapolis, for respondents.</attorney><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 5px;">
</div>
</h5>
<h5>
<attorney>Robert M. Levy, New York City, Lisbeth Nudell, St. Paul, for Mental Health Ass'n of Minnesota and American Orthopsychiatric Ass'n.</attorney><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 5px;">
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<attorney>Onek, Klein & Farr, Joel I. Klein and JoAnn E. MacBeth, Washington, D.C., for The Minnesota Psychiatric Society.</attorney><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 5px;">
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<div class="case_main_content">
<case_text>YETKA, Justice.<br />
Plaintiff Lanny Enberg sought damages and injunctive and declaratory relief as a result of his involuntary detention at Brainerd State Hospital under Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980).<sup></sup></case_text></div>
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<sup><a class="tooltip" fid="1" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048#fid1">1</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></sup><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> The trial court denied that relief. Plaintiff appeals, claiming the statute is unconstitutional in that it does not require evidence of an overt act, attempt or threat of harm to self or others prior to emergency hospitalization and also does not require a preliminary hearing within 72 hours of initial detention. We find that plaintiff's first claim has been mooted by the adoption of Minn.Stat. ch. 253B (1982) and that his second claim is incorrect; consequently, we affirm.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Plaintiff commenced an action in 1977, with an amended complaint filed in September 1979. The complaint sought damages and injunctive and declaratory relief "pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1983, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and Article 1, Sections 7 and 8 of the Constitution of the State of Minnesota, and Minnesota common law."<sup></sup></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><sup></sup><br /></a><sup><a class="tooltip" fid="2" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048#fid2">2</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></sup><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> The action arose out of plaintiff-appellant Enberg's detention at Brainerd State Hospital under Minn.Stat. § 253A.04 (1980), providing for the emergency hospitalization of mentally ill and mentally deficient persons. Appellant sued Dr. John R. Bonde, individually and as Director of Psychiatric Services; Dr. Leonard T. Fielding, individually and as Director of Medical Services; Vera J. Likins and Edward J. Dirkswager in their official capacities as Commissioners of the Department of Public Welfare and their successors in interest; and the State of Minnesota.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">By order of August 4, 1980, as amended by order of September 4, 1980, the Crow Wing County District Court partially granted the summary judgment motion on behalf of defendants Likins and Dirkswager in their official capacity as Commissioners of the Department of Public Welfare and on behalf of the State of Minnesota, finding in their favor only on the issue of immunity from money damages. The summary judgment motion of Drs. Bonde and Fielding, individually, was denied.<br />
The case was tried to a jury in May 1981. The jury was asked questions on special verdict. They found that:<br />
<bq>(a) Dr. Bonde had sufficient medical evidence to determine that appellant should have been hospitalized under Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980);</bq><bq>(b) Dr. Bonde had reason to believe that appellant had committed, attempted or threatened a recent overt act of harm to himself or others;</bq><bq><page no="733" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> (c) appellant suffered no compensable damages; and</page></bq><bq>(d) Dr. Fielding had acted in good faith, believed his actions were proper, and had reasonable grounds for belief that his actions were proper.</bq>After the special verdict, plaintiff moved for declaratory and injunctive relief, for special findings of fact and conclusions of law, for judgment NOV or, in the alternative, a new trial. The district court denied all motions in an order dated June 16, 1981. Plaintiff Enberg appealed. We affirm.<br />
On January 2, 1976, Lanny Enberg went to Brainerd State Hospital. His purpose in going there was twofold: first to visit a friend in the chemical dependency unit (located in Building 22); second, to talk with someone about his own concerns. Appellant felt depressed and had been thinking about his father's suicide, which had occurred within the preceding year.<br />
At the hospital, appellant spoke for several minutes with a member of the staff. He then spoke with Dr. Elizabeth Brody, a clinical psychologist at the hospital. Appellant spoke with Dr. Brody for about 20 minutes. He said that his friends thought that he was weird. He talked about his father's suicide. According to Dr. Brody's testimony at trial, Enberg was often incoherent, his speech was disjointed, and he used half sentences. Dr. Brody also testified that appellant appeared to be extremely agitated and kept looking suspiciously around the room.<br />
After this conversation, Dr. Brody went to Dr. John R. Bonde, a staff psychiatrist and later chief of psychiatric services, Building 22, where Enberg was detained. Dr. Brody asked Dr. Bonde to talk with appellant.<br />
Appellant told Dr. Bonde of certain premonitions he had had, including a premonition of his father's death and a vision of the Statue of Liberty with cracks all over it. He told Dr. Bonde that, at a party a few days before, he had drunk some wine, smoked marijuana, and perhaps had smoked some hashish as well. According to Dr. Bonde, appellant related an incident where he had been involved in a verbal altercation with a "redneck" and began to have thoughts of going out of control and kicking the man in the scrotum. Dr. Bonde also observed that appellant often glanced over his shoulder as if suspicious of something. At times, appellant would become angry. Appellant wore a jacket with a cobra on the back and took it off in order to show Dr. Bonde the snake, telling him it had to do with "protecting the heart when he was harassed by people."<br />
After this discussion, which lasted roughly 10 minutes, Dr. Bonde decided to hospitalize appellant. Despite appellant's assertions to the contrary, there is evidence that, before hospitalizing Enberg, Dr. Bonde suggested the alternative of treatment at the Northern Pines Health Clinic; Enberg declined.<br />
Much testimony at trial dealt with events subsequent to the decision to hold Enberg. Respondents brought out evidence of threats and other irrational behavior by appellant while appellant elicited testimony that he had never attempted or committed an overt harmful act. Appellant attempted to prove he had received no formal treatment, while respondents sought to show that Enberg refused attempts at treatment and benefited substantially merely from being hospitalized. Although such evidence might show that Dr. Bonde's decision that Enberg needed hospitalization and Dr. Fielding's consent to hospitalization had some merit, it is not relevant to the issues in this case; namely, whether Dr. Bonde had reason to hospitalize Enberg at the time he did so and whether Enberg should have had a preliminary hearing within 72 hours.<br />
Within 72 hours after Enberg entered the hospital, his mother filed a petition for judicial commitment. The petition was accompanied by a written statement from Dr. Bonde. Before a hearing could be held pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 253A.07 (1980), it was determined that appellant Enberg had improved enough to be released. Enberg left Brainerd State Hospital on January 20, 1976.<br />
This appeal raises the following issues:<br />
<bq><page no="734" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> 1. Are respondents Bonde and Fielding immune from liability?</page></bq><bq>2. Does due process require evidence of a recent overt act, attempt or threat to do harm to self or others before an individual may be involuntarily confined on an emergency basis?</bq><bq>3. Does due process require a preliminary hearing of some kind within 72 hours of confinement under the emergency hospitalization statute?</bq>1. A threshold issue is whether the respondents here are immune from liability. All defendants except for Dr. Bonde and Dr. Fielding were granted immunity from damages by summary judgment and that disposition is not being challenged on appeal.<br />
Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980) provided that:<br />
<bq>Subdivision 1. Any person may be admitted or held for emergency care and treatment in a hospital with the consent of the head of the hospital upon a written statement by any licensed physician that he has examined the person not more than 15 days prior to the person's admission, that he is of the opinion, for stated reasons, that the person is mentally ill, inebriate or mentally deficient and is in imminent danger of causing injury to himself or others if not immediately restrained, and that an order of the court cannot be obtained in time to prevent such anticipated injury. Such physician's statement shall be sufficient authority for a peace or health officer to transport a patient to a hospital.</bq>A later section of the same chapter granted a qualified immunity to those acting under the statute:<br />
<bq>All persons acting in good faith, upon either actual knowledge or information thought by them to be reliable, who act pursuant to any provisions of this chapter or who procedurally or physically assist in the hospitalization of any individual, pursuant to sections 253A.01 to 253A.21, are not subject to any civil or criminal liability under sections 253A.01 to 253A.21.</bq>Minn.Stat. § 253A.21, subd. 2 (1980).<br />
In answering the special verdict questions before it,<sup></sup></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><sup></sup><br /></a><sup><a class="tooltip" fid="3" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048#fid3">3</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></sup><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> the jury here determined that <page no="735" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> defendant Fielding acted in good faith, believing that his actions were proper. The jury also found that there were reasonable grounds for Fielding's belief that his actions were proper. The jurors did not consider the application of the immunity defense to defendant Bonde since they had already found that Bonde had sufficient clinical medical information to satisfy the requirements set out in Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980) <i>and</i> that he had reason to believe that plaintiff Enberg had committed, attempted or threatened a recent overt act of harm to himself or others. A thorough examination of the record reveals no reason for overturning these jury findings. Appellant argues that the court should have found as a matter of law that defendants did not act in good faith. We cannot agree. The study of case law indicates that the trial court's instructions and handling of this case were in complete conformity with present law on the subject and that the matters presented to the jury were proper jury questions. Consequently, the respondents are entitled to immunity under state statute.</page><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">We must still decide whether respondents are entitled to good faith immunity under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In <i>O'Connor v. Donaldson,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/422%20U.S.%20563">422 U.S. 563</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">, 95 S.Ct. 2486, 45 L.Ed.2d 396 (1975), the United States Supreme Court was faced with an argument that the superintendent of a state mental hospital had unconstitutionally deprived the plaintiff of his constitutional right to liberty by keeping him confined at the hospital. The superintendent claimed good faith immunity. The Court remanded the case, leaving the finding of immunity <i>vel non</i> to a jury. The Court stated that:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><bq>[T]he relevant question for the jury is whether [the superintendent] "knew or reasonably should have known that the action he took within his sphere of official responsibility would violate the constitutional rights of [the patient], or if he took the action with the malicious intention to cause a deprivation of constitutional rights or other injury to [the patient]."</bq><i>Id.</i> at 577, 95 S.Ct. at 2494, <i>citing Wood v. Strickland,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/420%20U.S.%20308">420 U.S. 308</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">, 330, 95 S.Ct. 992, 1005, 43 L.Ed.2d 214 (Powell, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part), <i>reh'g denied,</i> 421 U.S. 921, 95 S.Ct. 1589, 43 L.Ed.2d 790 (1975). The Court noted that "an official has, of course, no duty to anticipate unforeseeable constitutional developments." <i>Id.</i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><page no="736" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> In <i>Sebastian v. United States,</i> <cites></cites></page></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/531%20F.2d%20900">531 F.2d 900</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (8th Cir.), <i>cert. denied,</i> 429 U.S. 856, 97 S.Ct. 153, 50 L.Ed.2d 133 (1976), the Court held that a psychiatrist who examined appellant pursuant to a petition filed in an Arkansas probate court and hospitalized him for further evaluation was entitled to good faith immunity. <i>Id.</i> at 903-04; <i>accord Gross v. Pomerleau,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/465%20F.Supp.%201167">465 F.Supp. 1167</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (D.Md.1979) (medical personnel who examined plaintiff under emergency commitment procedures entitled to good faith immunity where they had no reason to believe procedures deprived plaintiff of her constitutional rights and there was no evidence personnel behaved arbitrarily, recklessly, or maliciously so as to deprive plaintiff of her constitutional rights).<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">This court has addressed the physician's good faith immunity issue in a slightly different context. In <i>Price v. Sheppard,</i> 307 Minn. 250, <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/239%20N.W.2d%20905">239 N.W.2d 905</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (1976), the Director of the Minnesota Security Hospital had administered electroshock therapy to a patient against the express wishes of the patient's guardian. The court, relying on the language just quoted from <i>O'Connor v. Donaldson,</i> found the director immune from an action for damages for acts performed by him in good faith and which he could not reasonably have known would violate the constitutional rights of another. 307 Minn. at 260-62, 239 N.W.2d at 912.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">In the present case, both Dr. Bonde and Dr. Fielding were state employees. Appellant does not argue that persons in respondents' position are not protected by good faith immunity, but claims that respondents did not act in good faith. As already noted, the jury found otherwise. It would appear that respondents are immune from liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.<br />
Respondents' immunity significantly affects our resolution of this appeal. Even if it is decided that appellant's due process rights were violated, there is presently no one from whom he may collect damages. All that remains are appellant's prayers for injunctive and declaratory relief. Under the recently enacted Minnesota Commitment Act of 1982, Minn.Stat. §§ 253B.01-.23 (1982), the requirement of a recent overt act, attempt or threat of harm to self or others has been incorporated into the emergency hospitalization (now described as emergency hold) procedure.<br />
2. The next issue raised is whether due process requires evidence of a recent overt act, attempt or threat to do harm to self or others before an individual may be involuntarily confined on an emergency basis. Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980) requires that, in order for a person to be admitted or held for emergency care, an examining physician conclude "that the person is mentally ill, inebriate or mentally deficient and is in imminent danger of causing injury to himself or others if not immediately restrained." Appellant argues that this requirement offers insufficient protection to persons being evaluated for admission or detention under the statute. Appellant relies in part on <i>Addington v. Texas,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/441%20U.S.%20418">441 U.S. 418</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">, 99 S.Ct. 1804, 60 L.Ed.2d 323 (1979). There, the United States Supreme Court stated:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><bq>This Court repeatedly has recognized that civil commitment for any purpose constitutes a significant deprivation of liberty that requires due process protection. See, <i>e.g., Jackson v. Indiana,</i> <cites></cites></bq></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/406%20U.S.%20715">406 U.S. 715</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> [92 S.Ct. 1845, 32 L.Ed.2d 435] (1972); <i>Humphrey v. Cady,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/405%20U.S.%20504">405 U.S. 504</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> [92 S.Ct. 1048, 31 L.Ed.2d 394] (1972); <i>In re Gault,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/387%20U.S.%201">387 U.S. 1</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> [87 S.Ct. 1428, 18 L.Ed.2d 527] (1967); <i>Specht v. Patterson,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/386%20U.S.%20605">386 U.S. 605</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> [87 S.Ct. 1209, 18 L.Ed.2d 326] (1967). Moreover, it is indisputable that involuntary commitment to a mental hospital after a finding of probable dangerousness to self or others can engender adverse social consequences to the individual. Whether we label this phenomena "stigma" or choose to call it something else is less important than that we recognize that it can occur and that it can have a very significant impact on the individual.<i>Id.</i> 441 U.S. at 425-26, 99 S.Ct. at 1808-09. In order to protect this liberty interest, appellant maintains that it is necessary to provide a more rigorous standard for commitment: <page no="737" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> evidence of a recent overt act, attempt or threat of harm to self or others. Appellant contends that, without this added requirement, it is impossible to predict dangerousness with sufficient accuracy to justify the deprivation of liberty inherent in involuntary commitment.</page><br />
This court recently recognized the problems involved in predicting dangerousness, noting that "[m]any psychiatrists themselves admit that their ability to predict future dangerousness is not reliable; to date, no valid clinical experience or statistical evidence reliably describes psychological or physical signs or symptoms that can be reliably used to discriminate between the harmless and the potentially dangerous individual." <i>Johnson v. Noot,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/323%20N.W.2d%20724">323 N.W.2d 724</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">, 728 (Minn.1982).<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Both sides here presented considerable expert testimony at trial as to whether it is necessary to adopt the overt act, attempt or threat requirement in order to bring predictions of dangerousness up to an acceptable level of accuracy. Persuasive evidence for and against the requirement was presented at trial and compelling arguments for each position were laid out in amicus briefs from several mental health and psychiatric associations. Supporters of the requirement argue that, without it, many people will be wrongly confined as dangerous. Opponents respond that the test adds little reliability to psychiatrists' predictions and prevents the confinement of individuals who are clearly dangerous but have yet to undertake an overt act, attempt or threat of harm.<br />
A good review of the cases in this area is presented in Note, <i>Overt Dangerous Behavior as a Constitutional Requirement for Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill,</i> 44 U.Chi.L.Rev. 562 (1977). In light of the conflicting views of the experts and the courts on this matter, we agree with the author of this Note that, while the recent overt act, attempt or threat requirement may be good policy, it is not necessarily a constitutional mandate. <i>Id.</i> at 592-93.<br />
In any event, the Minnesota Legislature has, in fact, adopted this requirement. Minn.Stat. § 253B.05, subd. 1 (1982) provides:<br />
<bq><bold>EMERGENCY HOLD.</bold> Any person may be admitted or held for emergency care and treatment in a treatment facility with the consent of the head of the treatment facility upon a written statement by an examiner that: (1) he has examined the person not more than 15 days prior to admission, (2) he is of the opinion, for stated reasons, that the person is mentally ill, mentally retarded or chemically dependent, and is in imminent danger of causing injury to himself or others if not immediately restrained, and (3) an order of the court cannot be obtained in time to prevent the anticipated injury.</bq><bq>The statement shall be: (1) sufficient authority for a peace or health officer to transport a patient to a treatment facility, (2) stated in behavioral terms and not in conclusory language, and (3) of sufficient specificity to provide an adequate record for review. A copy of the statement shall be personally served on the person immediately upon admission. A copy of the statement shall be maintained by the treatment facility.</bq>Although the standard here seems, at first glance, identical to that in Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 1 (1980), the new requirement has been incorporated into the definition of mental illness, which now reads as follows:<br />
<bq><bold>MENTALLY ILL PERSON.</bold> "Mentally ill person" means any person who has a substantial psychiatric disorder of thought, mood, perception, orientation, or memory which grossly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or to reason or understand, which (a) is manifested by instances of grossly disturbed behavior or faulty perceptions; and (b) poses a substantial likelihood of physical harm to himself or others as demonstrated by (i) a recent attempt or threat to physically harm himself or others, or (ii) a failure to provide necessary food, clothing, shelter or medical care for himself, as a result of the impairment.</bq><bq><page no="738" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> This impairment excludes (a) epilepsy, (b) mental retardation, (c) brief periods of intoxication caused by alcohol or drugs, or (d) dependence upon or addiction to any alcohol or drugs.</page></bq>Minn.Stat. § 253B.02, subd. 13 (1982); <i>cf. id.</i> § 253A.04, subd. 17 (1982) (person mentally ill and dangerous to the public).<br />
Given the present statute, the issues as to whether a recent overt act, attempt or threat of harm to self or others is required by due process and whether all respondents are immune from liability for damages are moot.<br />
3. Finally, appellant argues that due process "requires a preliminary judicial determination of probable cause within 72 hours of initial confinement, whether that be by physician or judicial hold order." Appellant relies in part on cases decided in other jurisdictions and in part on this court's decision in <i>State ex rel. Doe v. Madonna,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/295%20N.W.2d%20356">295 N.W.2d 356</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (Minn.1980).<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Appellant was held at Brainerd State Hospital for 18 days without a hearing. Under the law then in effect:<br />
<bq>Any person hospitalized pursuant to this section may be held up to 72 hours after admission, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, unless a petition for the commitment of such person has been filed in the probate court of the county of residence or of the county wherein such hospital is located. If the head of the hospital deems such discharge not to be for the best interest of the person, his family, or the public and no other petition has been filed, he shall prior to the expiration of 72 hours after admission, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, file a petition for the commitment of such person. Upon the filing of a petition, the court may order the detention of the person until determination of the matter. Upon motion of such hospitalized person the venue of the petition shall be changed to the probate court of the county of the person's residence, if he be a resident of the state of Minnesota.</bq>Minn.Stat. § 253A.04, subd. 3 (1980).<br />
A petition was filed for appellant's commitment. The judicial commitment provision, Minn.Stat. § 253A.07, subd. 8 (1980) provided for a hearing within 14 days from the date of filing of the petition, with an extension of up to 30 days upon showing of good cause. Appellant's confinement without hearing for 18 days was authorized by Chapter 253A.<br />
In <i>State ex rel. Doe v. Madonna,</i> this court held that when a petition for commitment had been filed and the proposed patient had been taken into custody and confined pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 253A.07, subd. 3 (1980):<br />
<bq>[D]ue process compels a preliminary probable cause hearing at least within 72 hours of initial confinement under a hold order, unless the court extends the time for such a hearing on the basis of evidence demonstrating that a hearing within this period of time would have a serious adverse effect on the well-being of the confined patient, or that other emergency conditions justifying a continuance exist.</bq>295 N.W.2d at 365 (citation omitted).<br />
The court stated that involuntary commitment to a mental institution was a deprivation of liberty that could not be accomplished without due process of law. Citing cases relied on by the appellant here, the court wrote that "[a]lthough the state may have a compelling interest in temporary ex parte detention of persons dangerous to themselves or others, such detention is justified only for the amount of time necessary to prepare for a probable cause hearing before a neutral judge." <i>Id.</i> The court concluded that the hearing need not be as formal as a full commitment hearing, but does require adequate notice and opportunity to be represented by counsel. <i>Id.</i> at 365-66.<br />
Appellant also looks to cases in other jurisdictions for support of his position. In <i>Lessard v. Schmidt,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/349%20F.Supp.%201078">349 F.Supp. 1078</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (E.D. Wis.1972), plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality <page no="739" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> of the Wisconsin civil commitment statute. That statute permitted involuntary detention for up to 145 days without a hearing.<sup></sup></page></a><sup><a class="tooltip" fid="4" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048#fid4">4</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></sup><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> The court recognized that the state sometimes has a legitimate interest in confining, without a hearing, "persons who threaten violence to themselves or others" in order to protect society and those persons. 349 F.Supp. at 1091. Nevertheless, the court found that such detention was limited to the period necessary to arrange a probable cause hearing and that such a preliminary hearing must be held within 48 hours of confinement. <i>Id.</i> Similarly, in <i>Wessel v. Pryor,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/461%20F.Supp.%201144">461 F.Supp. 1144</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (E.D.Ark.1978), the court modified Arkansas civil commitment procedures to require that a petition for commitment be filed within 24 hours, excluding weekends and legal holidays, in emergency confinement situations and that the respondent would have the opportunity to appear in court within 24 hours (again excluding weekends and holidays) of the filing of the petition. <i>Id.</i> at 1147.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">On the other hand, there are also cases, relied upon by the respondent, where prehearing periods of more than 72 hours have received court approval. In <i>Logan v. Arafeh,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/346%20F.Supp.%201265">346 F.Supp. 1265</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (D.Conn.1972), <i>aff'd sub nom. Briggs v. Arafeh,</i> 411 U.S. 911, 93 S.Ct. 1556, 36 L.Ed.2d 304 (1973), a three-judge panel upheld the constitutionality of an emergency commitment statute under which a person certified as dangerous by a physician could be held up to 45 days without a hearing. <i>Coll v. Hyland,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/411%20F.Supp.%20905">411 F.Supp. 905</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (E.D.N.J.1976), another three-judge panel case, addressed the New Jersey civil commitment statute. The court found that no preliminary hearing was necessary where a final hearing was provided for within 20 days and the certifications of two physicians were required before temporary confinement. Other courts have also approved prehearing periods of more than 72 hours. <i>E.g., French v. Blackburn,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/428%20F.Supp.%201351">428 F.Supp. 1351</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (M.D.N.C.), <i>aff'd,</i> 443 U.S. 901, 99 S.Ct. 3091, 61 L.Ed.2d 869 (1977) (10 days); <i>Lynch v. Baxley,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/386%20F.Supp.%20378">386 F.Supp. 378</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (M.D.Ala.1974), <i>rev'd on other grounds,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/651%20F.2d%20387">651 F.2d 387</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (5th Cir.1981) (7 days); <i>Doremus v. Farrell,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/407%20F.Supp.%20509">407 F.Supp. 509</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (D.Neb.1975); <i>contra Bartley v. Kremens,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/402%20F.Supp.%201039">402 F.Supp. 1039</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (E.D.Pa.1975), <i>vacated and remanded,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/431%20U.S.%20119">431 U.S. 119</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">, 97 S.Ct. 1709, 52 L.Ed.2d 184 (1977), <i>on remand sub nom. Institutionalized Juveniles v. Secretary of Public Welfare,</i> <cites></cites></a><a href="http://www.leagle.com/get_cited/459%20F.Supp.%2030">459 F.Supp. 30</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> (E.D.Pa.1978).<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Respondents argue due process does not require a hearing within 72 hours. They emphasize the statement in <i>State ex rel. Doe v. Madonna</i> specifically excluding Minn.Stat. § 253A.04 (1980) from consideration in that case. 295 N.W.2d at 361 n. 6. They point to valid reasons for the distinction between judicial and emergency hospitalizations. It is their view that more time may be required in emergency situations for proper diagnosis of persons detained. Where such persons are under the influence of drugs or alcohol, proper diagnosis must await the user's return to sobriety. Respondents contend that if the 72-hour period includes weekends and holidays, diagnosis and treatment will be hampered by a lack of trained personnel in state institutions. Finally, they note that under the new statute, a petition for commitment must be filed within 72 hours and a hearing held within 72 hours thereafter.<br />
Appellant counters that both 72-hour periods exempt weekends and holidays. Consequently, with the right distribution of holidays, it is possible for 12 days to elapse between confinement and hearing. He also raises the possibility of serialized and consecutive emergency hold orders. Further, he argues that the reasoning of <i>State ex rel. Doe v. Madonna</i> is applicable here; that the deprivation of liberty is just as serious as in the case of judicial commitment and that there is no evidence of the impossibility of holding a hearing within 72 hours.<br />
<page no="740" reporter="N.W.2d" vol="331"> A majority of this court finds that a hearing within 72 hours of confinement is not constitutionally mandated; there are more imperative reasons for a hearing within 72 hours in the case of a judicial commitment than where a skilled and licensed physician has found that an emergency hold is required. Moreover, we cannot conceive of a case where serialized emergency holds are permissible. The statute requires that a petition for commitment be filed within 72 hours of being held under emergency hold. The courts of this state are thus aware of the confinement and the statute then requires the courts to conduct a probable cause hearing within 72 hours after filing of the petition for commitment. In the great majority of cases where one has been held under the emergency hospitalization act, a hearing will be held within eight days. Any physician failing to provide for a filing of the petition for commitment would be exposing himself to liability.<sup></sup></page></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><sup></sup><br /></a><sup><a class="tooltip" fid="5" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048#fid5">5</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></sup><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">The trial court is affirmed in all respects.<br />
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FootNotes</h4>
<br /><footnote fid="1" id="fid1"><footnote fid="1">1. The statutory scheme applicable to this case, Hospital and Commitment Act, Minn.Stat. §§ 253A.01-.23 (1980), was repealed in its entirety in 1982, Act of Mar. 22, 1982, ch. 581, § 25, 1982 Minn.Laws 1329, 1358-59, and replaced by the Minnesota Commitment Act of 1982, Minn.Stat. §§ 253B.01-.23 (1982).</footnote></footnote><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 20px;">
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<footnote fid="2" id="fid2"><footnote fid="2">2. In fact, the case was actually tried, and is here on appeal, as an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Supp. IV 1980).</footnote></footnote><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 20px;">
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<footnote fid="3" id="fid3"><footnote fid="3">3. The jury was given the following interrogatories and answered them as indicated:<para>"QUESTION NO. 1</para><para>"On January 2, 1976, prior to the issuance of the hold order, did defendant Bonde have sufficient clinical medical information based upon medically accepted professional judgment, practice and standards upon which to base a reasonable medical diagnosis that plaintiff Enberg was mentally ill and in imminent danger of causing injury to himself or others and a court order could not be obtained to prevent such anticipated injury?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 2</para><para>"On January 2, 1976 prior to the issuance of the hold order, did defendant Fielding have sufficient clinical medical information based upon medically accepted professional judgment, practice and standards upon which to base a reasonable medical diagnosis that plaintiff Enberg was mentally ill and in imminent danger of causing injury to himself or others and a court order could not be obtained to prevent such anticipated injury?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ No.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 3</para><para>"Prior to the hold order on January 2, 1976, did defendant Bonde have reason to believe that plaintiff Enberg committed, attempted or threatened a recent overt act of harm to himself or others?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 4</para><para>"Prior to the hold order on January 2, 1976, did defendant Fielding have reason to believe that plaintiff Enberg had committed, attempted or threatened a recent overt act of harm to himself or others?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ No.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 5</para><para>"INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 only if you have answered "No" to any of questions No. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Do not answer questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 if your answers to questions No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 was [sic] yes.</para><para>"5. Were the actions of defendant Bonde a direct cause of plaintiff Enberg's confinement in the State Hospital from January 2nd to January 7th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 6</para><para>"Were the actions of defendant Bonde a direct cause of plaintiff Enberg's confinement in the State Hospital from January 7th through January 20th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 7</para><para>"Were the actions of defendant Fielding a direct cause of plaintiff Enberg's confinement in the State Hospital from January 2nd to January 7th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 8</para><para>"Were the actions of defendant Fielding a direct cause of plaintiff Enberg's confinement in the State Hospital from January 7th through January 20th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 9</para><para>"What amount of money as an award of damages would fairly and reasonably compensate plaintiff Enberg for the elements of damage plaintiff Enberg suffered as a result of his confinement in the Brainerd State Hospital from January 2nd through January 7th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: $<underline>/s/ -0-.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 10</para><para>"What amount of money as an award of damages would fairly and reasonably compensate plaintiff Enberg for the elements of damage plaintiff Enberg suffered as a result of his confinement in the Brainerd State Hospital from January 7th through January 20th, 1976?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">"ANSWER: $<underline>/s/ -0-.</underline></preform><para>"QUESTION NO. 11</para><para>"With respect to the immunity defenses, answer question 11a, b and c only if you have answered "no" to either question 1 and 3. "11a Did defendant Bonde act in good faith?</para><preform xml:space="preserve">ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ _ _ _.</underline></preform><para>"11b Did defendant Bonde believe that his actions were proper? ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ _ _ _.</underline></para><para>"11c If so, were there reasonable grounds for defendant Bonde's belief that his actions were proper? ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ _ _ _.</underline></para><para>"QUESTION NO. 12</para><para>"With respect to the immunity defenses, answer question 12a, b and c only if you have answered "no" to either question 2 or 4.</para><para>"12a Did defendant Fielding act in good faith? ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></para><para>"12b Did defendant Fielding believe that his actions were proper? ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline></para><para>"12c If so, were there reasonable grounds for defendant Fielding's belief that his actions were proper? ANSWER: (Yes or No) <underline>/s/ Yes.</underline>"</para></footnote></footnote><div style="font-size: 0px; height: 20px;">
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<footnote fid="4" id="fid4"><footnote fid="4">4. The statute permitted 5 days of emergency involuntary commitment, plus an additional 10 days if a court so decided. Additional extensions were permitted up to a total of 105 days. If the patient requested a jury trial, the period could be extended anothe<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong>Cpl Jim Anderson Murdered 21Sept2000 Note to MN Governor Mark Dayton Are Boards ie Judicial,Medical Covert Coverup of Judicial and Medical Malpractice must be Abated/Abolished as Ineffective,unabated by MN Government Officials </strong></div>
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<strong><a href="http://www.lufsky.blogspot.com/">www.lufsky.blogspot.com</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> Still Alive and out after 25 Yrs. Read the Brief filed on Pininterest.</a></strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">http://www.leagle.com/decision/19831062331NW2d731_11048</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2FNJsXjMmij_snBP4VFYuqN1Re525BZbH7lwLu5hMXAwi3s27Wq_fntIJ46W0UNvxWyeqgJdzNjzpn5pFaovjwmLif2lfbmHWqtwhTAvTNRjbIV408FN2OCwYuUNh2Fa_NrxaHHnzcrg/s1600/JimAnderson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></a></div>
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<footnote fid="5" id="fid5"><footnote fid="5">5. In holding that a probable cause hearing within 72 hours of confinement on an emergency hold is not constitutionally mandated, we do not mean to suggest that requiring a hearing within that time period would be impossible or undesirable. The adoption of such a rule, however, is, at present, properly a matter for the legislature.</footnote></footnote></a></div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-31364373568757724722013-08-25T11:09:00.000-07:002013-08-25T11:19:59.041-07:00MNCourtSanctionsJudgeRichardPerkins_Stealing_Children_CarolineRice<div align="center">
<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/OPa120855-081913.pdf">http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/OPa120855-081913.pdf</a><br />
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<a href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/08/24/appeals-court-finds-judge-richard-perkins-guilty-of-misconduct/">http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/08/24/appeals-court-finds-judge-richard-perkins-guilty-of-misconduct/</a></div>
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<h1>
Appeals Court Finds Judge Richard Perkins Guilty of Misconduct </h1>
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<em>Posted on August 24, 2013</em></div>
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<span class="comments"><a href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/08/24/appeals-court-finds-judge-richard-perkins-guilty-of-misconduct/#comments">5</a></span></div>
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Caroline Rice Wins Appeal<br />
Appeals Court Criticizes Judge Richard Perkins<br />
For Bias, Unfair Trial, Serious Mistakes<br />
In an opinion released Monday, August 19, 2013, the<br />Minnesota Court of Appeals ruled that Caroline Rice<br />had been wrongly convicted of depriving and<br />interfering with the custody of her child. The appeals<br />court reversed the convictions of Caroline because<br />of “the cumulative effect of various evidentiary<br />rulings, an erroneous jury instruction, and<br />prejudicial judicial conduct deprived appellant of her<br />due process right to a fair trial.” [What happens<br />next? See the note at end of this blog.] The decision<br />was by a panel of three judges that ruled 2-1 in<br />Caroline’s favor. <br />
In an earlier divorce case against her ex-husband, a<br />very wealthy stock broker, a Hennepin County<br />district court awarded Caroline custody of her two<br />oldest daughters, but awarded custody of her<br />youngest children, a girl and two boys, to her ex-husband. (At the time, the oldest girls had<br />experienced abuse by their father.) Caroline lost her<br />appeal in that case. Later, an order for protection<br />was issued that prohibited Caroline from having any<br />contact with any of her three youngest children. On<br />October 31, 2010, the girl who was in her father’s<br />custody, then 13 years old, ran from her father’s<br />home in Minnesota to Michigan near the border with<br />Canada. The girl, A.R., was with her mother for a<br />day. Caroline was arrested in Michigan after she<br />crossed the border back into the United States. She<br />was put in jail in Michigan. After weeks in jail there,<br />she was released and returned to Minnesota where<br />she was arrested and put in jail in Carver County for<br /> about two months. In the trial before Judge Perkins,<br />Caroline asserted the defense that she had a<br />reasonable basis for trying to protect her child from<br />abuse by her father. She submitted 273 pages of<br />evidence of past abuse by A.R’s father but judge<br />Perkins ruled this evidence was not relevant<br />because it was evidence of abuse by the father two<br />or more years before the dates of the crimes she<br />was being tried for. Judge Perkins also excluded<br />medical evidence of abuse because Carver County<br />police concluded that the claims of abuse were<br />unfounded.<br />
Caroline tried to submit evidence that A.R. almost<br />died because her father failed to send her to a<br />dentist for a root canal operation to treat an infected<br />tooth but Judge Perkins would not allow that<br />evidence. Caroline’s two oldest daughters, L.R. and<br />K.R. testified that they had been abused by their<br />father, that K.R. had been dragged down a flight of<br />stairs by her ankles by her father, but Judge Perkins<br />later told the jury no evidence of child abuse had<br />been submitted. During the trial, the Carver County<br />prosecutor, Peter Ivy, raised numerous objections<br />during Caroline’s opening statement which Judge<br />Perkins allowed. Mr. Ivy complained that he was<br />disadvantaged because “it appears I am beating up<br />on Ms. Rice, denying her the right to counsel.”<br />(Caroline had to be her own lawyer because the<br />lawyers she retained were afraid of Judge Perkins.<br />They knew that he was biased against Caroline and<br />were afraid Judge Perkins would damage their<br />careers.) Judge Perkins warned Caroline:<br />
“And I’m telling you now very clearly on<br />the record that I intend to be much<br />more proactive in stepping in and<br />stopping you on your lines of<br />questioning. I’m going to do that<br />because I believe if I don’t do that that<br />is a great prejudice to the state<br />because, in fact, it does look like they’re<br />beating up on you, that they are<br />stacking the deck against you. That’s<br />not the case. So I’m going to be more<br />active in that so that if anybody is<br />going to be looking like a bully in this<br />proceeding. If you will, in the eyes of<br />the jury, it’s going to be me. So we can<br />continue to try to maintain a level<br />playing field to you that is fair to you as<br />well as the state.”<br />
During Caroline’s questioning of her witnesses,<br />Judge Perkins began interrupting even though there<br />was no objection by the prosecutor, Mr. Ivy. Judge<br />Perkins interrupted Caroline’s direct examination of<br />L.R. more than 90 times and interrupted Caroline’s<br />direct examination of A.R. at least 45 times. Mr. Ivy<br />occasionally raised objections which Judge Perkins<br />upheld, but the majority of evidentiary rulings during<br />Caroline’s questioning were by Judge Perkins sui<br />sponte. Judge Perkins continued to do this when<br />Caroline questioned her ex-husband and asked him<br />if he ever sedated her daughter A.R. Judge Perkins<br />told Caroline: “Ms. Rice, you cannot continue to lob<br />hand grenades.” He continued saying that may not<br />“just lob hand grenades out there . . . . I don’t know<br />what they are, they’re not questions . . . .You<br />continue to ask questions that are not germane to<br />these proceedings . . . . You ask those questions of<br />witnesses where it doesn’t fit.” Caroline later asked<br />L.R. “Did you ever see your dad hit or hurt A.R.?”<br />After allowing an objection that the question<br />“assumes facts not in evidence”, Judge Perkins said<br />“You’re not going to answer that . . . ” Judge Perkins<br />then said to Caroline: “do you have any basis for<br />lobbing that one out there. Do you have any factual<br />basis for . . . asking that question?” Judge Perkins<br />then continued: “Don’t start asking another<br />question. You throw something out there and you<br />just leave it hanging. . . . Throwing out an allegation<br />about dad having harmed [L.R.] and/or [A.R.] . . .<br />There is no foundation laid here.”<br />
Caroline asked a later witness: “Have the children<br />ever reported to you that anyone else has ever hit or<br />hurt them?” Despite L.R.’s earlier testimony, Judge<br />Perkins said: “Excuse me, there is no testimony that<br />anyone has hit or hurt them except for the specific<br />instances you’ve talked about and there is no<br />person identified in those instances. So you’re<br />suggesting that B.R. [Caroline’s ex-husband] has hit<br />or hurt them. That’s not in evidence. You may want<br />to rethink that question.” Caroline replied that her<br />daughter’s testimony provided that evidence, to<br />which Judge Perkins replied: “I’ve not heard any<br />such testimony because they haven’t been on the<br />stand. . . .[K.R. - Caroline’s oldest daughter] has not<br />been on the stand.” Judge Perkins added that there<br />was “no testimony that B.R. hurt or hit them.”<br />
The daughter [A.R] who had run to her mother in<br />Michigan testified that two restraining orders had<br />been taken out in the past against her father<br />“because he hurt me.” Her testimony about these<br />incidents was brief and was punctuated by frequent<br />interruptions by Judge .R. Perkins. A.R. was having<br />trouble remembering details about each incident,<br />leading Judge Perkins to cut off questioning about<br />these incidents because A.R. had “provided the<br />answers she has available by her own recall.”<br />
The Appeals Court ruled that it was wrong for Judge<br />Perkins to rule that evidence of earlier abuse was<br />irrelevant because there was no requirement that<br />evidence of abuse had to be recent. The Appeals<br />Court said Caroline had a reasonable basis to<br />believe her child needed protection. As to the<br />evidence of abuse the police said was unfounded,<br />the Appeals Court said it was not a good reason for<br />excluding it because “the jury could have believed<br />it.” Similarly, Judge Perkins was wrong to assume<br />that because the social workers had rejected<br />Caroline’s accusations of abuse there was no<br />foundation for her affirmative defense. While the<br />social worker’s opinions may have been permissible<br />evidence, the ultimate question of whether<br />Caroline’s belief that she needed to protect her child<br />“was a jury question.” The Appeals Court concluded<br />that Judge Perkins did not act impartially and had<br />denied Caroline the right to present a complete<br />defense. The Appeals Court said: “several of [Judge<br />Perkins] comments made while raising or<br />sustaining objections appeared to attack<br />[Caroline’s] credibility, her evidence, or her theory of<br />the case.” The Appeals Court went on to say Judge<br />Perkins may not “reflect upon the character of the<br />witness for truthfulness, or suggest that his<br />testimony was untrue or unworthy of belief.”<br />
What did Caroline “win”?<br />
The Appeals Curt reversed the convictions of<br />Caroline by Judge Perkins and said she could have<br />a new trial – before the same biased judge, with the<br />same unprincipled prosecutor, Peter Ivy, in the same<br />court. And Carolyn will have to try the case herself<br />again unless she can come up with tens of<br />thousands of dollars to pay a lawyer and persuade<br />the lawyer to risk his/her career by going before a<br />biased judge who is determined to destroy Caroline.<br />The truth is that Caroline is a broken woman. Her<br />family was destroyed, her oldest daughter is<br />dependant on her ex-husband, one of her sons is<br />believed to be on drugs and the other son is<br />pursuing a professional hockey career instead of<br />going to college. The sons are being trained to be<br />abusers like their father. Her daughter A.R. is a sad,<br />thin, depressed girl now about 16 years old who is<br />not allowed to have any contact with Caroline. Only<br />L.R. is succeeding and she is totally alienated from<br />her father. She is the one who turned down a<br />scholarship to attend West Point because she would<br />not serve a country that had treated her family so<br />shabbily. The probability is that prosecutor Ivy will<br />not try the case again, Caroline will not or cannot<br />defend it, and the matter will be left unresolved.<br />Caroline will not get justice. Four of her children will<br />become damaged members of society.<br />
Written by Dale Nathan<br />651-454-0506<br />DaleNathan@usfamily.net<br />
Rice Appeal decision is public record obtainable online. A link will be posted shortly.</div>
</div>
Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-64403988920609797372013-05-22T15:21:00.001-07:002013-05-22T15:24:24.455-07:00Paluchii Trust_May6th2013 Minnesota Court<a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=2&xmldoc=In MNCO 20130506184.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7">http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=2&xmldoc=In MNCO 20130506184.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7</a><br />
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<b>IN THE MATTER OF JENO F. PAULUCCI REVOCABLE TRUST</b>Court of Appeals of Minnesota.<br />Filed May 6, 2013.</center>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>Jeno and Lois were residents of Florida, but in October 2011, Jeno was hospitalized in Duluth. On October 8, while hospitalized, Jeno executed the Thirteenth Complete Amendment to the Jeno Revocable Trust. This amendment replaced two Minnesota trustees, attorneys William Berens and George Eck, with two Florida trustees, respondents Larry Nelson, who worked with Jeno for a number of years, and David Simmons, a trial attorney and state senator. On October 10, Lois executed the Tenth Complete Amendment to the Lois Revocable Trust, which likewise replaced trustees Berens and Eck with Nelson and Simmons.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>Lois died on November 20, 2011, and Jeno died on November 24, 2011. Trustee Nelson is the personal representative of Jeno's and Lois's probate estates and both wills have been admitted to probate in a Florida circuit court. Lois's will, which is governed by Florida law, provides that the residue of her estate is to be given to the trustee of the Lois Revocable Trust.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>In March 2012, Gina petitioned the St. Louis County district court for, among other relief, the non-cause removal of trustees Nelson and Simmons of the Jeno Revocable Trust, to be replaced by former trustees Berens and Eck. Gina venued this petition in St. Louis County under Minn. Stat. § 501B.17, subd. 1(3) (2012),<sup><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=2&xmldoc=In+MNCO+20130506184.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7#FN_1" id="FR_1" rel="footnote" style="font-size: 12px;">1</a></sup> because the trust holds real property in St. Louis County. Later in March, Michael and Cynthia filed a notice of appearance in the St. Louis County action. On March 30, trustees Nelson and Simmons filed a memorandum objecting to the removal petition based on lack of jurisdiction (then under the mistaken belief that the trust held no real property in Minnesota) and on the doctrine of forum non conveniens. The district court scheduled a hearing on the matter for April 3, 2012.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>Meanwhile, in early February 2012, Berens and Eck, as trustees of the Trust FBO Lois, petitioned the Hennepin County district court for instructions regarding the disposition of that trust's assets and proposed an alternate disposition of the assets, alleging that Lois had intentionally exceeded her limited testamentary powers of appointment and subjected the trust assets to debts, expenses, and taxes. In late February 2012, Gina also petitioned the Hennepin County district court for, among other things, the non-cause removal of Nelson and Simmons as trustees of the Lois Revocable Trust, to be replaced by Berens and Eck. Gina venued the petition in Hennepin County district court under Minn. Stat. § 501B.17, subd. 2 (2012), which provides that when there have been prior trust proceedings—here, the Trust FBO Lois petition—a petition must be filed in the same court.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>The St. Louis County district court, which was aware of the Hennepin County proceedings, conducted the April 3 hearing to address Gina's petition for the removal of Nelson and Simmons as trustees of the Jeno Revocable Trust and the trustees' objections to their removal, which they based on jurisdictional and forum-non-conveniens grounds. Michael and Cynthia appeared at the hearing as interested parties because they are beneficiaries, and, at the hearing, Gina filed joinders of the beneficiaries, including Michael and Cynthia, in her petition. The court advised the parties that it had contacted the Hennepin County district court to address its concern that the two courts might issue conflicting orders. At the close of the hearing, the court permitted Gina, as well as Michael and Cynthia, to file written replies to the objections by trustees Nelson and Simmons, and they did so, addressing both the merits of Gina's removal petition and the jurisdictional and forum-non-conveniens objections raised by trustees Nelson and Simmons.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>After the April hearing, the St. Louis County district court informally stayed the proceedings while some or all of the parties unsuccessfully attempted to mediate their disputes. The court then gave counsel until July 18 to file responsive pleadings. On July 13, 2012, Michael and Cynthia petitioned the St. Louis County district court, in relevant part, for a determination that the thirteenth amendment to the Jeno Revocable Trust was void based on incapacity and undue influence by trustees Nelson and Simmons and to remove them as trustees, to be replaced by Berens and Eck. On July 16, the court scheduled Michael and Cynthia's petition for a September 2012 hearing. In a July 16 letter, the court advised the parties that whether this hearing took place depended on their review of the instant letter, informed them that the court believed counsel wanted a determination of whether Minnesota or Florida had jurisdiction over the matter, and told them to inform the court immediately if this was in error. Gina submitted a supplemental brief on July 18, but Michael and Cynthia filed nothing further with the court. The court then allowed trustees Nelson and Simmons until July 26 to file a reply to Gina's supplemental brief, and they did so.</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><strong>In an August 1, 2012, order, the St. Louis County district court concluded, "Florida is the proper jurisdiction and venue to hear all matters pertaining to the Thirteenth Complete Amendment to the Trust Agreement of Jeno F. Paulucci," and dismissed the action without prejudice. And the court ruled that any pending petitions would not be considered, which we construe as dismissals without prejudice of those petitions. The court also denied appellant and co-appellants permission to move for reconsideration.</strong></span></div>
Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-13491241390965776112013-02-24T12:44:00.002-08:002013-02-24T12:44:34.582-08:00BankenvsBankenA11-2156_A12-0771JudgePerkinsMNPriorRestraint<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 100%px; width: 100%px;">
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<td colspan="6">Case Information (A12-0771)</td></tr>
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<td class="label">Parent:</td>
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/cases/caseMaintenance.do?csNameID=72158">A11-2156</a></td>
<td class="label">Filing Date:</td>
<td>05/01/2012</td>
<td> </td>
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<td class="label">Consolidated:</td>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/cases/caseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161">A12-0771</a></td>
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<td class="label">Jurisdiction:</td>
<td>Court of Appeals</td>
<td class="label">Status:</td>
<td>Post-Decision</td>
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<td>Carver County District Court</td>
<td class="label">Hearing Type:</td>
<td>Nonoral</td>
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<td class="label">Classification:</td>
<td colspan="5">Standard - Civil - Family</td></tr>
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<td class="label" valign="top">Short Title:</td>
<td colspan="3">In re the Marriage of: Jeremy Quinton Banken, petitioner,
Respondent, vs. Lea Jean Banken, Appellant</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td></tr>
<tr class="oddrow">
<td class="label" valign="top">Full Title:</td>
<td colspan="3">In re the Marriage of: Jeremy Quinton Banken, petitioner,
Respondent, vs. Lea Jean Banken, Appellant</td>
<td> </td>
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<td colspan="5">SEE ALSO: A11-2156</td></tr>
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<td>Pro Se</td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow" valign="top">
<td>201589</td>
<td>Respondent</td>
<td>Jeremy Quinton Banken</td>
<td>CHRISTOPHER MATTHEW
BANAS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</span></div>
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<table class="FormTable">
<tbody>
<tr class="TableHeading">
<td colspan="7">Docket Information</td></tr>
<tr class="TableSubHeading">
<td>Document Description</td>
<td>Jurisdiction</td>
<td>Filing Date</td>
<td>Docket Entry Type</td>
<td>Filing Type</td>
<td>Status</td>
<td>PDF</td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=664237&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Opinion
- Unpublished </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>02/11/2013 </td>
<td>Opinion </td>
<td>Unpublished </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:664237 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=663370&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Notice
- Opinion Release Imminent </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>02/06/2013 </td>
<td>Notice </td>
<td>Opinion Release Imminent </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:663370 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=657477&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Order
- Deny </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>12/27/2012 </td>
<td>Order </td>
<td>Deny </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:657477 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=657099&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Motion
- Consolidate with A12-2173 </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>12/26/2012 </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Consolidate </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=650634&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Event
- Nonoral - Panel </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>11/14/2012 </td>
<td>Event </td>
<td>Nonoral - Panel </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=647999&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Event
- Panel Assignment Update </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>10/26/2012 </td>
<td>Event </td>
<td>Panel Assignment Update </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:647999 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=646849&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Brief
- Reply </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>10/18/2012 </td>
<td>Brief </td>
<td>Reply </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=645113&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Notice
- Nonoral Conf. Date Scheduled </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>10/09/2012 </td>
<td>Notice </td>
<td>Nonoral Conf. Date Scheduled </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:645113 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=645112&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Event
- Nonoral Panel - scheduled for 11/14/12 </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>10/09/2012 </td>
<td>Event </td>
<td>Nonoral Panel - scheduled </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=644669&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Brief
- Respondent </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>10/04/2012 </td>
<td>Brief </td>
<td>Respondent </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=643131&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Event
- Orig. Court/Agency Files/Exhibits Received -BOX 1,2- </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>09/26/2012 </td>
<td>Event </td>
<td>Orig. Court/Agency Files/Exhibits Received </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=640785&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Notice
- Request Trial Court/Agency File </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>09/12/2012 </td>
<td>Notice </td>
<td>Request Trial Court/Agency File </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:640785 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=640783&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Brief
- Appellant </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>09/10/2012 </td>
<td>Brief </td>
<td>Appellant </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=638763&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Order
- Deny; Appellant to file brief on 9/10, the brief will be accepted without
notarized affidavit of service </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/29/2012 </td>
<td>Order </td>
<td>Deny </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:638763 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=639124&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Response
- Motion </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/29/2012 </td>
<td>Response </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=638169&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Copy
of letter correspondence from Judge Perkins to Lea Banken re: her letter of
August 18th... </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/24/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=638071&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Motion
- Extension of Time - Brief </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/22/2012 </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Extension of Time - Brief </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=635077&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Order
- Grant; Appellant's brief extension to 8/27 </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/07/2012 </td>
<td>Order </td>
<td>Grant </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:635077 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=634767&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Response
- Motion </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/03/2012 </td>
<td>Response </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=634439&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Motion
- Extension of Time - Brief </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>08/02/2012 </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Extension of Time - Brief </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=630569&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Transcript
- Delivery Certificate - Jackie Knutson (3/2/12) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>07/05/2012 </td>
<td>Transcript </td>
<td>Delivery Certificate </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=628635&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Order
- Deny motion to proceed IFP in A12-0397 [later dism'd]; by 7/6 Appellant to pay
filing fee for 397, file proof of posting cost bond, and either file transcript
certificate or letter of no transcript; Grant delay in briefing; SEE ORDER FOR
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>06/25/2012 </td>
<td>Order </td>
<td>Deny </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:628635 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=627258&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Received
Affidavit of Lea Banken in support of motions now being considered by this court
</a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>06/15/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=626727&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Affidavit
- Service for notice of appeal on C. Banas and district court </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>06/11/2012 </td>
<td>Affidavit </td>
<td>Service </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=626634&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Motion
- RE: Consolidation of Files, Trial Court Denial of Supplementla Order (8
additional requests in the motion) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>06/11/2012 </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Other </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=626111&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Letter
of CR-Jackie Knutson; She has not transcribed the 2/9/12 hearing as Judge
Perkins, in his order of 3/12/12, did not order the transcripts, and in his
order of 5/11/12, denied Ms. Banken's request to obtain IFP...see letter for
details </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>06/06/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=624113&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Transcript
- Delivery Certificate - Jackie Knutson (5/9/11, 5/11/11, 5/12/11, 5/16/11,
8/3/11, 9/30/11) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/23/2012 </td>
<td>Transcript </td>
<td>Delivery Certificate </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=623490&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Nonconforming
transcript delivery certificate from CR-Jackie Knutson </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/15/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=622980&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Motion
- Re: Consolidation of Files, In Forma Pauperis Status for All Appeals Ordering
of Transcripts and Scheduling of Briefs </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/14/2012 </td>
<td>Motion </td>
<td>Other </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=622886&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Transcript
- Order for - No CR listed (2/9/12) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/14/2012 </td>
<td>Transcript </td>
<td>Order for </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=622373&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Transcript
- Initial Certificate - Jackie Knutson (3/2/12) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/10/2012 </td>
<td>Transcript </td>
<td>Initial Certificate </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=621834&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Letter
correspondence from Judge Richard C. Perkins pointing out issues regarding her
appeals (see letter for complete information) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/04/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=621361&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Order
- Consolidating Cases A11-2156, A12-397, and A12-771; parties' briefs to address
all apeals; by 6/11 Appellant to: pay filing fee and file proof of posting CB or
file IFP order for 397; file transcript certificate for 2/9/12 hearing in 397;
SEE ORDER OR TICKLER FOR MORE INFO. </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/04/2012 </td>
<td>Order </td>
<td>Consolidating Cases </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:621361 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=621563&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Certified
copy 11/16/11 order </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/04/2012 </td>
<td>Correspondence </td>
<td>Incoming </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=621581&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Transcript
- Order for - Jackie Knutson (3/2/12) </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals (Con) </td>
<td>05/03/2012 </td>
<td>Transcript </td>
<td>Order for </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=620948&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Notice
- Case Filing </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals </td>
<td>05/02/2012 </td>
<td>Notice </td>
<td>Case Filing </td>
<td>Final
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/view/publicCaseMaintenance.do?csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961#"><img border="0" documentlink="" name="deID:620948 class=" src="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/images/document1.png" /></a> </td></td></tr>
<tr class="OddRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=620947&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Statement
- Case - Appellant </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals </td>
<td>05/01/2012 </td>
<td>Statement </td>
<td>Case - Appellant </td>
<td>Final
<td></td></td></tr>
<tr class="EvenRow">
<td><a href="http://macsnc.courts.state.mn.us/ctrack/docket/docketEntry.do?action=edit&deID=620946&csNameID=73161&csInstanceID=80961&csIID=80961">Notice
- Appeal - Case Filed; Order 4/18/12 </a></td>
<td>Court of Appeals </td>
<td>05/01/2012 </td>
<td>Notice </td>
<td>Appeal - Case Filed </td>
<td>Final </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-26742777804820851112013-02-18T09:30:00.000-08:002013-02-18T11:57:05.159-08:00A11-2156_12-0771 Banken vs Banken_UNPUBLISHED_MN_<div class="_3dp _29k">
<h5 class="_1_s">
<span class="fcg"><span class="fwb"><a aria-controls="js_0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-owns="js_0" data-hovercard="/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1565167472" href="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage" id="js_2">Lea Dannewitz</a></span> shared a <a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcarvercountycorruption.com%2F2013%2F02%2F15%2Fappeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken%2F&h=7AQF0MRYXAQEbUgCiFL7pZbR7-gGV3q0WR1ylVVPubX_8rQ&enc=AZOCFJ8kvPm119tUO2S69JZvmNlERIjOSSkcNWP22ukvicf7INHOwTabiqL55oGdYxJZox-SZLMhylvXEwjMlUc6&s=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">link</a>. Bloggers Beware Judge Perkins </span></h5>
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<strong>Heinous Free Speech Violations to record Unpublished
Opinions via Published Case Law</strong><br />
<strong>Undermining Attorney Pro Se's Right to Electronic Commerce, State and Federal Constitutional Guarantees</strong><br />
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<strong> Mon. 18Feb2013
Affidavit of Sharon Anderson Candidate </strong><a href="http://www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com/" title="http://www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com/"><strong>www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com</strong></a><strong> </strong></div>
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<strong> AMICUS CURIE FREE SPEECH <a href="http://www.lawlessamerica.com/">www.lawlessamerica.com</a>
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<strong> LEGAL N,OTICE TO MINNESOTA
GOVERNMENT,OFFICIALS </strong><strong>IN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCH'S.</strong></div>
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<strong> ISSUES OF JUDICIAL CORRUPTION MUST INDICT_ DENYING
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<strong> CITIZENERY PUBLISHED OPINIONS TO
RESOLVE </strong><strong>Due Process, Jury Trials, Grand
Jury, Must MN Appellate Judges Schellhas,Rodenberg,Ross acting in Concort with Trial Judge Perkins <div>
<strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Judge Heidi S. Schellhas Judge Richard C. Perkins <div style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;">
<br />Carver County </div>
<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40063">Carver County Courthouse</a><br />Phone: (952) 361-1420<br />
<img src="http://www.mncourts.gov/assets/images/sized/judges/1/lg/perkins012.jpg" style="padding: 1em 0px;" /><h2>
Appointed/Elected:</h2>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Court of Appeals </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=JudgeBio_v2&menu=appellate&ID=30239" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=JudgeBio_v2&menu=appellate&ID=30239">http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=JudgeBio_v2&menu=appellate&ID=30239</a><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"></a></span><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"></a><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a></div>
<a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"><strong></strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Chambers phone: 651-297-5499</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><img height="280" src="http://www.mncourts.gov/assets/images/sized/judges/courtofappeals/lg/Schellhas909.jpg" style="height: 140px; padding: 1em 0px; width: 100px;" width="200" />J<img height="274" src="http://www.mncourts.gov/assets/images/sized/judges/courtofappeals/lg/Rossfinal.jpg" style="height: 137px; padding: 1em 0px; width: 100px;" width="200" />udge <img height="299" src="http://www.mncourts.gov/assets/images/sized/judges/courtofappeals/lg/RodenbergOfficial.jpg" style="height: 150px; padding: 1em 0px; width: 100px;" width="200" />Kevin G. Ross </strong><div style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Judge John R. Rodenberg </span><div style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Court of Appeals </span></div>
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</span></a><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><div style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;">
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<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40090" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=CourtHouseProfile&ID=40090"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Minnesota Judicial Center</span></a><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Phone: (651) 297-7650</span></a><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a><br />
<a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4">Court of Appeals </a><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a></div>
<a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"><strong></strong><strong>Chambers phone: 651-297-1009</strong></a><br /></span><br /></div>
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<strong> A. The harassment restraining order is not an unconstitutional
prior restraint.</strong></div>
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<strong>B. Lea is not entitled to have a jury consider her evidence before
the court issues a harassment rest</strong></div>
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<strong>C. The district court did not abuse its discretion by issuing the
harassment restraining order.raining order.</strong></div>
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<strong> WE THE PUBLIC DEMAND THE 14TH
AMEND OF EQUAL TREATMENT. ATTORNEY PRO SE' ACCESS TO SEATS OF GOVERNMENT AND
SOCIAL MEDIA.</strong></div>
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<span class="feed-item-author "><span class="video-thumb ux-thumb yt-thumb-square-28 "><span class="yt-thumb-clip"><span class="yt-thumb-clip-inner"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><img alt="lawlessamerica" data-group-key="thumb-group-0" data-thumb="//i1.ytimg.com/i/hwpfgqEZnbFH28fia8byPQ/1.jpg?v=50423a4e" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/i/hwpfgqEZnbFH28fia8byPQ/1.jpg?v=50423a4e" width="28" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a class="ux-thumb-wrap yt-uix-contextlink yt-uix-sessionlink contains-addto" data-sessionlink="ei=jXgiUZm4B72OhgGasYCIBQ&feature=plcp" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" tabindex="-1" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><span class="video-thumb ux-thumb yt-thumb-default-185 "><span class="yt-thumb-clip"><span class="yt-thumb-clip-inner"><img alt="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" data-group-key="thumb-group-0" data-thumb="//i1.ytimg.com/vi/hI31XbW1Qn8/mqdefault.jpg" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/hI31XbW1Qn8/mqdefault.jpg" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" width="185" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></span></span></span><span class="video-time">1:28:14</span></strong></span><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="hI31XbW1Qn8" role="button" title="Watch Later"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" /></span></button></a></div>
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<a class="feed-video-title title yt-uix-contextlink yt-uix-sessionlink yt-ui-ellipsis yt-ui-ellipsis-2" data-sessionlink="ei=jXgiUZm4B72OhgGasYCIBQ&feature=plcp" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI31XbW1Qn8"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Proposed Legislation submitted to U.S. Congress and State Legislatures by
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<a href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"><strong>http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/</strong></a></div>
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<strong><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">Dannewitz</span></u> shared a </strong><a href="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcarvercountycorruption.com%2F2013%2F02%2F15%2Fappeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken%2F&h=IAQEbjyhPAQGyFTarIbJX68WZjKXDXclNP1v0iw3JO7G3iQ&enc=AZPR-j78vp_qsrtVFNesOzQ291YsPIQK0Wvvgz6qPZdpkHxs4LvrCSe8WTKqRxjfGrdwQZXJdBHCzLJgcjpXGjpK&s=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/&h=IAQEbjyhPAQGyFTarIbJX68WZjKXDXclNP1v0iw3JO7G3iQ&enc=AZPR-j78vp_qsrtVFNesOzQ291YsPIQK0Wvvgz6qPZdpkHxs4LvrCSe8WTKqRxjfGrdwQZXJdBHCzLJgcjpXGjpK&s=1"><strong>link</strong></a><strong>.
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<a class="uiLinkSubtle" href="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage/posts/137473023088184" title="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage/posts/137473023088184"><abbr data-utime="1360985066" title="Friday, February 15, 2013 at 7:24pm"><strong>Friday</strong></abbr></a><a aria-label="Lea's friends" class="uiStreamPrivacy inlineBlock fbStreamPrivacy fbPrivacyAudienceIndicator _1_o" data-hover="tooltip" href="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage?ref=ts&fref=ts#" title="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage?ref=ts&fref=ts#"><i class="lock img sp_9dj00a sx_ff577b"></i></a></div>
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<a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"><strong>
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<strong><img alt="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" class="img" src="https://fbexternal-a.akamaihd.net/safe_image.php?d=AQBIoHrpLDjbcXge&w=155&h=114&url=http%3A%2F%2F0.gravatar.com%2Fblavatar%2F80037a039b79ba3f2811c79276c59a50%3Fs%3D200" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" /></strong></div>
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<strong>Appeals Court Decision Banken v. Banken</strong></div>
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<strong>carvercountycorruption.com</strong></div>
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<strong>Article sent to 105 senators
andrepresentatives. Appea</strong></div>
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<strong><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/">ls Court Rules Against Lea Dannewitz (f/k/a Banken) The
Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the rulings of Judge Richard Perkins that
Lea canno...</a></strong><a class="_1xw shareLink _1y0" href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/"></a></div>
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<strong>5. </strong><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf"><strong>A11-2156,
A12-0771</strong></a><strong> Note to Bill Windsor <strong><div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"><strong></strong><br /></a></span><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"></a></div>
<a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"></a></strong></strong><br />In re the
Marriage of: Jeremy Quinton Banken, petitioner, Respondent, vs. Lea
Jean<br />Banken, Appellant.<br />Affirmed in part and reversed in part. Judge Kevin
G. Ross.<br />Carver County District Court, Hon. Richard C.
Perkins.</strong></div>
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<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf"><strong>http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf</strong></a></div>
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<strong>This opinion will be unpublished and<br />may not be
cited except as provided by<br />Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3
(2012).</strong></div>
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<a href="https://revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=480A.08&year=2010&format=pdf" title="https://revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=480A.08&year=2010&format=pdf"><strong>https://revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=480A.08&year=2010&format=pdf</strong></a></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><em><u>Unpublished opinions of the Court
of Appeals are not precedential. Unpublished opinions<br />must not be cited
unless the party citing the unpublished opinion provides a full and correct
copy<br />to all other counsel at least 48 hours before its use in any pretrial
conference, hearing, or trial. If<br />cited in a brief or memorandum of law, a
copy of the unpublished opinion must be provided to all<br />other counsel at the
time the brief or memorandum is served, and other counsel may
respond.</u></em></span><br />STATE OF MINNESOTA<br />IN COURT OF
APPEALS<br />A11-2156<br />A12-0771<br />In re the Marriage of:<br />Jeremy Quinton
Banken, petitioner,<br />Respondent,<br />vs.<br />Lea Jean
Banken,<br />Appellant.<br />Filed February 11, 2013<br />Affirmed in part and
reversed in part<br />Ross, Judge<br />Carver County District Court<br />File Nos.
10-FA-09-413; 10-FA-09-452<br />Christopher M. Banas, Banas Family Law, P.A.,
Lilydale, Minnesota (for
respondent)</strong></div>
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<strong><cite>www.banasfamilylaw.com/st-paul-divorce-lawyer-ch...</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:KUdRhEoprRoJ:www.banasfamilylaw.com/st-paul-divorce-lawyer-chris-banas+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" title="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:KUdRhEoprRoJ:www.banasfamilylaw.com/st-paul-divorce-lawyer-chris-banas+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span></strong><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_0" data-desc="bio_christopher Twin Cities divoce attorney Christopher M. Banas concentrates his practice in all areas of family law, including a growing focus on the ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_0" data-title="Christopher Banas - Banas Family Law, P.A." data-url="http://www.banasfamilylaw.com/st-paul-divorce-lawyer-chris-banas" data-ved="0CFQQ5hkwAA" data-vli="srslcl_0" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_0" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0" title="javascript:void(0)"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;"><strong>Share</strong></span></span></a><strong>
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<a class="authorship_link" href="https://plus.google.com/107238962094770479292" title="https://plus.google.com/107238962094770479292"><span style="color: #1122cc;"><strong>by
Chris Banas</strong></span></a><strong> - </strong><a class="authorship_link" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Christopher+M.+Banas+Banas+Family+Law&hl=en&biw=734&bih=595&tbs=ppl_ids:--107238962094770479292-,ppl_nps:Chris+Banas,ppl_aut:1&tbo=d&sa=X&ei=U3IiUc_RIc-mqQGRnoCQCQ&ved=0CFoQnxYwAA" title="https://www.google.com/search?q=Christopher+M.+Banas+Banas+Family+Law&hl=en&biw=734&bih=595&tbs=ppl_ids:--107238962094770479292-,ppl_nps:Chris+Banas,ppl_aut:1&tbo=d&sa=X&ei=U3IiUc_RIc-mqQGRnoCQCQ&ved=0CFoQnxYwAA"><span style="color: #1122cc;"><strong>More by Chris Banas</strong></span></a></div>
<span class="st"><strong>bio_christopher Twin Cities divoce attorney Christopher
M. Banas concentrates his practice in all areas of
family law, including a growing focus on the
...</strong></span></td></tr>
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<strong>Lea J. Banken, Waconia, Minnesota
(pro se appellant)<br /><span><img alt="Thumbnail" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/AwY0yQlvFn4/mqdefault.jpg" width="194" /><span class="vertical-align"></span><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">3:20</span></u></span></strong><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="AwY0yQlvFn4" role="button" title="Watch Later"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="Watch Later" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></span></button><span class="content-item-detail"><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"><strong>Congressional T</strong></a><strong><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4">estimony:
Lea Banken to Bill Wi... </a></strong><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=_HIiUfGuJ5SwhgH4-YCgDw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4"></a><span class="content-item-metadata"><strong><span class="content-item-view-count">505
views </span><span class="metadata-separator">|</span><span class="content-item-time-created">2 months ago</span></strong></span></span></div>
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<strong>Considered and decided by Schellhas, Presiding Judge;
Ross, Judge; and<br />Rodenberg, Judge.</strong></div>
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<br /><strong>U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N<br />ROSS,
Judge<br />These consolidated appeals arise from a contentious dissolution
proceeding and<br />the issuance of a harassment restraining order. Our best
construction of the appellate<br />pleadings leads us to understand that Lea
Banken asks us to review the parenting-time<br />2<br />aspects of an interim
district court order issued after the trial and the final judgment. She<br />also
asks us to review the court’s property division in the final judgment, a
September<br />2010 temporary order prohibiting her from engaging in certain
internet activity, a<br />contempt order finding her in constructive civil
contempt of court for failing to comply<br />with the September 2010 order, and
the grant of respondent Jeremy Banken’s petition for<br />a harassment restraining
order against her. To the extent that the order finding Lea in<br />contempt of
court is based on her conduct that does not violate the September
2010<br />temporary order to which she stipulated, we reverse the district court
in part. Because the<br />record supports the district court’s findings of fact on
her other challenges, and because<br />Lea has not shown that the district court
otherwise misapplied the law or abused its<br />discretion, we affirm in
part.<br />FACTS<br />Lea and Jeremy Banken married in 2004. They had a daughter,
M.T.B., and a son,<br />I.Q.B. Jeremy petitioned for marriage dissolution in 2009
while Lea was pregnant with<br />their third child.<br />In September 2010, Jeremy
moved the district court to order temporary relief<br />directing Lea to remove an
internet posting from her Facebook page and other postings<br />that included
personal information about Jeremy and the children. He also sought
to<br />prohibit Lea from engaging in similar online activity in the future. The
district court<br />granted Jeremy’s motion based on a stipulation by the
parties.<br />The dissolution action proceeded to trial in May 2011. The district
court heard<br />testimony from Lea, Jeremy, the children’s therapist, Lea’s
therapist, the parties’ custody<br />3<br />evaluator, a neighbor, the guardian ad
litem, and a property evaluator. Among the many<br />matters addressed at trial
was a recent event involving the couple’s son mutilating a dog<br />with a
gardening tool (either cutting off its tail or severing its spine—both
descriptions<br />were given but no finding clarifies what really happened) while
in Lea’s care. At the<br />close of trial, the district court judge stated that he
was placing the current parenting plan<br />on “lockdown” and would draft an
interim order specifying parenting time.<br />A week after the trial, the district
court filed an interim order that suspended all of<br />Lea’s previously ordered
parenting time and allowed her only supervised parenting time.<br />The order
directed Lea to complete a psychological evaluation conducted
by<br />professionals selected by social services and required an update in July
2011 addressing<br />Lea’s contact with the children, Lea’s psychological
evaluation, the children’s and Lea’s<br />therapy sessions, and a plan for
expanding or contracting Lea’s parenting time. Social<br />services submitted the
July report on schedule, and, based on it, the district court entered<br />a
second interim order that continued the May order’s requirements and scheduled
a<br />review hearing in September.<br />Jeremy moved the district court to hold Lea
in contempt of the September 2010<br />temporary order that had restricted her
online conduct. Lea admitted to having violated<br />the order. As a result, the
district court issued a conditional contempt order on August 5,<br />2011, finding
Lea in constructive civil contempt. The conditional contempt order
allowed<br />Lea to purge the contempt determination in part by removing all
online postings that<br />contained her commentary or opinion regarding the
dissolution. That same day, the<br />district court issued its final judgment and
decree on the dissolution action. The decree<br />4<br />continued the supervised
parenting time for Lea as stated in the May and July interim<br />orders. It also
divided the parties’ marital property and incorporated the September
2010<br />temporary order and the conditional contempt order.<br />In September
2011, social services submitted another report on parenting-time<br />issues. The
report stated that social services had been unable to schedule parenting
time<br />with Lea because of its concern over the children’s safety. The report
offered conditions<br />for resuming Lea’s parenting time, including that she
complete a psychological<br />examination and sign an agreement with the
parenting-time supervisor. The district court<br />conducted a parenting-time
review hearing that same month as required by the decree.<br />The district court
entered an amended final judgment and decree after the<br />September review
hearing. It imposed conditions for Lea to resume parenting time. It<br />also
incorporated the September 2010 temporary order and the conditional
contempt<br />order. Jeremy later submitted an affidavit requesting entry of
judgment against Lea<br />because she continued to post entries on her blog that
violated the September 2010<br />temporary order and the conditional contempt
order. The district court granted Jeremy’s<br />request for judgment in November
2011.<br />Lea moved the district court for amended findings, conclusions, and
judgment and<br />a new trial. The district court denied her motions. Three months
later, Jeremy<br />successfully petitioned for a harassment restraining order
against Lea.<br />These appeals follow.<br />5<br />D E C I S I O N<br />I<br />Lea Banken
argues that the district court unlawfully restricted her parenting time<br />and
then imposed improper conditions on the resumption of parenting time. The
district<br />court has broad discretion in deciding parenting-time questions
based on the best interests<br />of the children and will not be reversed absent
an abuse of discretion. Olson v. Olson, 534<br />N.W.2d 547, 550 (Minn. 1995).
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<a class="l" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDoQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fminnlawyer.com%2Fwp-files%2Fpdf%2Fopa090743-0608.htm&ei=OXUiUfjiNcjTrQHC5YBI&usg=AFQjCNHSrw40aXoEX_nHKFaP9ZJkUrN4Eg&sig2=L0YbMgv0iMZYuTTUeXPzKw" title="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDoQFjAB&url=http://minnlawyer.com/wp-files/pdf/opa090743-0608.htm&ei=OXUiUfjiNcjTrQHC5YBI&usg=AFQjCNHSrw40aXoEX_nHKFaP9ZJkUrN4Eg&sig2=L0YbMgv0iMZYuTTUeXPzKw"><span style="color: #1122cc; font-size: xx-small;">syllabus - Minnesota Lawyer</span></a></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><cite>minnlawyer.com/wp-files/pdf/opa090743-0608.htm</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6Kp6hqr-YhwJ:minnlawyer.com/wp-files/pdf/opa090743-0608.htm+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" title="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6Kp6hqr-YhwJ:minnlawyer.com/wp-files/pdf/opa090743-0608.htm+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span></strong></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_1" data-desc="Olson v. Olson, 534 N.W.2d 547, 550 (Minn. 1995). A district court abuses that discretion by making findings unsupported by the evidence or ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_1" data-title="syllabus - Minnesota Lawyer" data-url="http://minnlawyer.com/wp-files/pdf/opa090743-0608.htm" data-ved="0CDwQ5hkwAQ" data-vli="srslcl_1" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_1" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0" title="javascript:void(0)"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Share</strong></span></span></a><strong>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>You +1'd this
publicly. </strong></span><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/#" title="https://www.google.com/#"><span style="color: #1122cc; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Undo</strong></span></a></div>
<span class="st"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><span class="f">Jun 8,
2010 – </span>Olson v. Olson, 534 N.W.2d 547, 550 (Minn. 1995). A district court
abuses that discretion by making findings unsupported by the evidence or
...</strong></span></span></div>
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<strong>A district court abuses its discretion by making
findings<br />unsupported by the evidence or improperly applying the law. Hagen v.
Schirmers, 783<br />N.W.2d 212, 215 (Minn. App. 2010). </strong></div>
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2013.</span></a></h3>
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<span class="st"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong><span class="f">7 days ago
– </span>Hagen v. Schirmers, 783 N.W.2d 212, 215 (Minn. App. 2010). A district
court's findings of fact on which a parenting-time decision is based will
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<strong>A district court’s findings of fact on which
a<br />parenting-time decision is based will be upheld unless they are clearly
erroneous. Griffin<br />v. Van Griffin, 267 N.W.2d 733, 735 (Minn. 1978).<br />A.
The district court did not unlawfully restrict Lea’s parenting time.<br />1.
Minnesota Statutes section 518.131, subdivision 2(a) (2012).<br />Lea contends
that the district court’s final judgment violated Minnesota Statutes<br />section
518.131, subdivision 2(a), by impermissibly restricting her parenting time.
But<br />section 518.131 applies only to temporary orders, not to final judgments.
See Minn. Stat.<br />§ 518.131, subd. 9(a) (2010) (stating that temporary orders
shall not prejudice rights<br />litigated in subsequent proceedings). We are not
persuaded by Lea’s challenge to that<br />portion of the final judgment that
incorporates the terms of the May interim order. A<br />temporary order may deny
parenting time to a parent if “the court finds that parenting<br />time is likely
to cause physical or emotional harm to the child.” Id., subd. 2(a).
Although<br />the May 2011 interim order lacks this express finding, the failure
to make statutory<br />6<br />findings is not grounds for reversal if the record as
a whole would support the finding.<br />Gregory v. Gregory, 408 N.W.2d 695, 698
(Minn. App. 1987). So we turn to the question<br />of whether the record would
support a finding of likely harm.<br />We have no difficulty concluding that the
record would support the requisite<br />finding that unrestricted parenting time
with Lea is likely to cause emotional harm to the<br />children. The district
court heard Lea, Jeremy, and the children’s therapist testify that
the<br />couple’s young son had recently mutilated a dog while in Lea’s care. The
therapist<br />testified without dispute that the son openly described the
mutilation and then<br />immediately blurted this spontaneous account revealing
Lea’s disturbing attempted<br />emotional manipulation of the child: “Mommy said
it is not my fault. She said that daddy<br />made me do it, but he didn’t, daddy
didn’t make me do it.” The therapist concluded, with<br />self-evident
reasonableness, that Lea’s parenting time should be supervised
immediately,<br />and she made a child-protection report of the encounter. Because
the record is sufficient<br />to support the interim order, the district court did
not abuse its discretion in ordering that<br />Lea’s parenting time be
supervised.<br />2. Minnesota Statutes section 518.175, subdivision 1(a)
(2012).<br />Lea also contends that the final judgment and decree violates the
portion of<br />Minnesota Statutes section 518.175, subdivision 1(a), requiring
the district court to grant<br />parenting time that enables a parent and child to
maintain a relationship in the best<br />interests of the child. But if the
district court finds that parenting time is likely to<br />endanger a child’s
physical or emotional health or development, the district court
“shall<br />restrict parenting time with that parent as to time, place, duration,
or supervision and may<br />7<br />deny parenting time entirely.” Id. (emphasis
added). The district court found that<br />“troubling behavior has occurred that
makes clear that the children, at least the older two,<br />are in serious need of
therapy/counseling,” that “the adjustment of the children to the<br />dissolution
of this marriage is troublesome,” and that Lea refused to allow the children
to<br />see their therapist after the trial. These findings are supported by
evidence in the record.<br />For example, the district court learned that Lea had
been observed making statements<br />critical of the court’s parenting-time
restrictions. It also learned that Lea admitted that she<br />had been in contact
with mothers who had fled the United States with their children in<br />violation
of court orders. It found that Lea continues to falsely accuse Jeremy of
child<br />abuse. The district court heard that she has falsely accused him also
of using and<br />transporting drugs, hiring prostitutes, living with another
woman, embezzling money,<br />molesting his children, and sleeping with and
abusing animals. In addition, the concerns<br />arising from the dog-mutilation
incident, among others in the record that we need not<br />elaborate on here,
satisfy us that the district court did not clearly err by implicitly
finding<br />that Lea’s parenting time was likely to endanger the emotional health
of the children.<br />Lea also contends that the district court failed to afford
her a hearing required by<br />the statute before restricting her parenting time.
We reject this argument as it lacks<br />factual merit. Lea was afforded a
hearing; before the district court entered the final<br />judgment, Lea
participated in a four-day trial that encompassed parenting-time issues,<br />and
she participated in a parenting-time review hearing in September 2011. Given
the<br />extent of the process afforded for parenting-time questions during and
after trial, the<br />claimed procedural shortcoming is, at most, harmless. See
Kallio v. Ford Motor Co., 407<br />8<br />N.W.2d 92, 98 (Minn. 1987) (stating that,
to obtain a reversal, an appellant must show<br />error by the district court and
prejudice arising from that error); Minn. R. Civ. P. 61<br />(requiring harmless
error to be ignored).<br />B. The conditions imposed are not unlawful.<br />Lea next
contends that the conditions imposed by the district court for her to<br />resume
parenting time are excessive and contrary to statute. She challenges, in
particular,<br />the requirement that she obtain a psychological evaluation from
someone other than her<br />treating psychiatrist and sign an agreement with the
parenting-time supervisor. We<br />recognize that the prerequisites here are not
customary and may seem onerous. In other<br />circumstances, they might be
excessive. But we have observed that the district court has<br />extensive
discretion when deciding issues relating to parenting time, Olson, 534
N.W.2d<br />at 550, and the ultimate question in all parenting-time disputes is
what is in the best<br />interests of the children, Clark v. Clark, 346 N.W.2d
383, 385 (Minn. App. 1984), review<br />denied (Minn. June 12, 1984). A complete,
contingent, or temporary denial of parenting<br />time is warranted when a child’s
emotional health is endangered. See D.A.H. v. G.A.H.,<br />371 N.W.2d 1, 4 (Minn.
App. 1985), review denied (Minn. Sept. 19, 1985). Most<br />persuasive here is the
well-supported matter of endangerment and likely harm to the<br />children,
triggering the district court’s prophylactic safeguards. We add that the
unusual<br />decision to require Lea to provide input from a psychological
professional other than her<br />own therapist arises from the unusual, factually
baseless report by Lea’s treating<br />psychologist asserting that Jeremy had
manipulated the court system. Lea is correct in<br />implying that the district
court’s authority is not limitless, but the extremes in this
case<br />9<br />respond proportionately to extreme behavior. And the district
court’s conditions are not<br />inconsistent with prior decisions. See, e.g.,
D.A.H., 371 N.W.2d at 4 (requiring father to<br />undergo intensive psychotherapy
before resuming parenting time). Lea’s additional<br />contention that she cannot
afford to comply with the conditions is refuted by her own<br />testimony at
trial, which indicated that she is capable of working full time. We
conclude<br />that the district court did not abuse its discretion by imposing its
parenting-time<br />preconditions on Lea.<br />II<br />Lea challenges the district
court’s division of marital property. Upon the<br />dissolution of a marriage, the
district court must make a just and equitable, but not<br />necessarily equal,
division of the marital property between the former spouses. Minn.<br />Stat. §
518.58, subd. 1 (2010); White v. White, 521 N.W.2d 874, 878 (Minn. App.
1994).<br />The district court bases its property-division findings “on all
relevant factors,” including<br />those listed in Minnesota Statutes section
518.58, subdivision 1. A district court has<br />broad discretion in evaluating
and dividing property and will not be overturned except for<br />an abuse of
discretion. Antone v. Antone, 645 N.W.2d 96, 100 (Minn. 2002).<br />Lea argues
that the district court’s division of property was an unjust abuse
of<br />discretion because it awarded her “none” of the money, property, assets,
or equity in the<br />homestead after applying “offsets.” The district court
awarded Lea one-half of the marital<br />interest in Jeremy’s business, Jeremy’s
401K, and the equity in the marital homestead,<br />totaling $72,238.50. We notice
one inconsistency in the district court’s findings regarding<br />Lea’s equity
interest in the marital homestead: to the extent Lea argues that she was
not<br />10<br />awarded any cash to cover her interest in the marital homestead,
the property evaluator<br />determined that interest to be $273.50—an amount we
deem de minimis in the context of<br />the overall property division. See Wibbens
v. Wibbens, 379 N.W.2d 225, 227 (Minn. App.<br />1985) (refusing to remand for a
de minimis error). The district court reduced Lea’s share<br />by an amount that
corresponded to Jeremy’s payments of Lea’s share of the marital debt,<br />Lea’s
liquidating of retirement accounts and marital property during the
dissolution<br />without Jeremy’s or the court’s permission, Jeremy’s one-half
interest in Lea’s vehicle,<br />Jeremy’s payment of some of Lea’s attorney fees,
Jeremy’s incurring of attorney fees to<br />secure the contempt order, and Lea’s
owing of fees for the parties’ custody evaluator and<br />parenting consultant.
This reduction comports with the law. See Minn. Stat. § 518.58,<br />subd. 1a
(allowing district court to compensate a party if one party disposes of
marital<br />assets without consent and may impute the entire value of an asset
and a fair return on it<br />to the party who disposed of it); Dahlberg v.
Dahlberg, 358 N.W.2d 76, 80 (Minn. App.<br />1984) (noting that debts are divided
in the same manner as assets). Although the district<br />court concluded that, in
effect, “[Jeremy] has ‘overpaid’ [Lea] $19,668.08,” it declined to<br />require
Lea to repay this amount. The record suggests therefore that Lea received
more,<br />not less, than an equal share of the marital property.<br />Lea also
argues that the district court failed to compensate her for her<br />contributions
as homemaker. The statute requires only that the district court “consider . .
.<br />the contribution of a spouse as a homemaker.” Minn. Stat. § 518.58, subd.
1. And here,<br />the district court did just that. It found that Lea was the
primary caretaker of the children,<br />and it allocated to her cash interests in
Jeremy’s business and 401K, and it gave her<br />11<br />equity in the marital
homestead, declining to require her to repay the roughly $20,000<br />overpayment.
This more-than-equal allocation accounted for her
homemaker<br />contribution.<br />Lea next argues that the district court ignored
the statute’s requirement that it<br />consider the income of each party when
dividing marital property. The district court’s<br />order belies this assertion.
It found that Jeremy is employed as president and owner of his<br />landscape
corporation and it stated his income for 2010. The district court also found
that<br />Lea was unemployed for the majority of the dissolution proceedings, had
obtained parttime<br />employment for $13 hourly, is capable of full-time
employment, and, at some point<br />during the marriage, had earned over $100,000
annually. Cognizant of the financial<br />circumstances, including “the disparity
of earnings, earning power, likelihood [that<br />Jeremy] will end up paying most
of marital debt even if allocated equally between the<br />parties,” the district
court noted its authority to fashion an equitable division of property<br />under
section 518.58 and it did so, choosing not to require Lea to repay the
nearly<br />$20,000 overpayment.<br />Finally, Lea suggests that the property
division resulted from the district court’s<br />frustration with her refusal to
discontinue her online activity. She fails to support that<br />speculation with
any factual support or convincing argument. See Schoepke v. Alexander<br />v.
Smith & Sons Carpet Co., 290 Minn. 518, 519–20, 187 N.W.2d 133, 135 (1971)
(“An<br />assignment of error based on mere assertion and not supported by any
argument or<br />authorities in appellant’s brief is waived and will not be
considered on appeal unless<br />12<br />prejudicial error is obvious on mere
inspection.”). We hold that the district court neither<br />misapplied the law nor
abused its discretion when dividing the marital property.<br />III<br />Lea
challenges the district court’s restrictions on her online activity. Lea
first<br />appears to argue that the September 2010 temporary order
unconstitutionally limited her<br />free speech rights protected by the First
Amendment. But a legal right, even a<br />constitutional right, generally may be
waived. State ex rel. Johnson v. Indep. Sch. Dist.<br />No. 810, Wabash Cnty., 260
Minn. 237, 246, 109 N.W.2d 596, 602 (1961). The district<br />court based its
September 2010 temporary order restricting Lea’s speech on its “review
of<br />[the] submissions and exhibits by [Jeremy], and the other files,
pleadings, and arguments<br />of counsel, and based on the stipulation of the
parties.” A “stipulation” is a voluntary<br />agreement between parties. See
Black’s Law Dictionary 1550 (9th ed. 2009). The district<br />court file does not
include a transcript of the hearing or a document constituting the<br />parties’
stipulation, but we do not presume an error in the absence of an adequate
record.<br />Custom Farm Servs., Inc. v. Collins, 306 Minn. 571, 572, 238 N.W.2d
608, 609 (1976).<br />Nor can we address any assertion that Lea did not waive her
free speech rights as set out<br />in the stipulated order. See Valspar Refinish,
Inc. v. Gaylord’s, Inc., 764 N.W.2d 359,<br />367 (Minn. 2009) (holding that
whether a party waives a right is a factual question);<br />Duluth Herald &
News Tribune v. Plymouth Optical Co., 286 Minn. 495, 498, 176<br />N.W.2d 552, 555
(1970) (holding that lack of a transcript preludes review of
factual<br />questions). Lea was represented by counsel at the hearing. By
stipulating, presumably on<br />the guidance of her legal counsel, to the terms of
the September 2010 temporary order,<br />13<br />Lea voluntarily relinquished the
rights restricted by the order, including free-speech<br />rights.<br />Lea also
challenges the final order holding her in contempt of the September
2010<br />order. The argument has merit. The district court’s conditional contempt
order allowed<br />Lea to purge herself of the contempt finding by removing all
online content that “contains<br />any commentary or opinion regarding this
pending dissolution action and [Jeremy] or the<br />minor children of these
parties.” But the September order to which Lea had stipulated did<br />not include
such a broad restriction on her right to comment. Although Lea
characterizes<br />this as an unconstitutional prior restraint, we need not decide
the question on<br />constitutional grounds because the district court’s contempt
order impermissibly goes<br />beyond the substantive order that it seeks to
enforce. To the extent that the district court’s<br />contempt order requires Lea
to refrain from expressing her opinion about the dissolution<br />action—a
restriction that is beyond the scope of the underlying stipulated
September<br />2010 order—we reverse the requirement as beyond the court’s
discretion.<br />IV<br />Lea raises a number of challenges to the district court’s
issuance of the harassment<br />restraining order (HRO) against her. A victim of
repeated incidents of intrusive or<br />unwanted acts, words, or gestures that
have a substantial adverse effect on his safety,<br />security, or privacy may
obtain an HRO. Minn. Stat. § 609.748, subd. 1(a), subd. 2<br />(2010). We review a
district court’s issuance of an HRO for an abuse of discretion. Kush<br />v.
Mathison, 683 N.W.2d 841, 843 (Minn. App. 2004), review denied (Minn. Sept.
29,<br />2004). We will set aside a district court’s findings in support of the
order only if they are<br />14<br />clearly erroneous, and we give due regard to the
district court’s credibility<br />determinations. Id. at 843–44.<br />A. The
harassment restraining order is not an unconstitutional
prior<br />restraint.<br />Lea first appears to raise a constitutional challenge to
the HRO statute arguing that<br />the order is an invalid prior restraint on her
speech. We have previously upheld the<br />constitutionality of the statute. In
Dunham v. Roer, we noted that the state has an interest<br />in protecting
individuals against repeated and substantial intrusions. 708 N.W.2d
552,<br />565–67 (Minn. App. 2006), review denied (Minn. Mar. 28, 2006). We held
that the<br />statute does not violate the First Amendment because it is narrowly
tailored to ban only<br />unprotected words or conduct. Id. at 565. That holding
is sufficient to address Lea’s<br />limited argument challenging the statute on
constitutional grounds.<br />B. Lea is not entitled to have a jury consider her
evidence before the court<br />issues a harassment restraining order.<br />Lea
argues that the district court erred by issuing the HRO without impaneling
a<br />jury to consider her evidence. A criminal defendant has a federal and state
constitutional<br />right to a jury trial. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Minn. Const.
art. I, § 6. The constitutional<br />right to a jury trial attaches in criminal
proceedings if a defendant faces more than six<br />months’ incarceration. See
Lewis v. United States, 518 U.S. 322, 326, 116 S. Ct. 2163,<br />2166–67 (1996);
State v. Dumas, 587 N.W.2d 299, 301 (Minn. App. 1998), review<br />denied (Minn.
Feb. 24, 1999). The issuance of an HRO is itself not a criminal
proceeding,<br />and an individual who is subject to the order cannot become
subject to criminal charges<br />unless she violates the order. Minn. Stat. §
609.748, subd. 6 (2012).<br />15<br />Lea also had no right to a civil jury before
the district court issued the HRO<br />because the statute does not require a
jury, the rules do not require a jury, and the federal<br />and state
constitutions do not require a jury. The statute itself does not mention a jury
and<br />expressly directs the district court to make the requisite findings.
Minn. Stat. § 609.748,<br />subd. 5(a)(3) (2012) (authorizing “the court” to issue
a restraining order if “the court<br />finds at the hearing that there are
reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent has<br />engaged in harassment”
(emphasis added)). The Rules of Civil Procedure state that “the<br />issues of
fact shall be tried by a jury” specifically “[i]n actions for the recovery of
money<br />only, or of specific real or personal property.” Minn. R. Civ. P.
38.01. No money or<br />property is at stake in an order issued under section
609.748, so the rule does not cover<br />the action. The federal Constitution also
does not apply; it states that in “[s]uits at<br />common law” involving
controversy of more than twenty dollars in value, “the right of<br />trial by jury
shall be preserved.” U.S. Const. Am. 7. But the Seventh Amendment
refers<br />explicitly to “any Court of the United States,” id., and it has been
long held not to be<br />binding on state courts. Pearson v. Yewdall, 95 U.S. 294,
296 (1877) (“We have held<br />over and over again that art. 7 of the amendments
to the Constitution of the United States<br />relating to trials by jury applies
only to the courts of the United States.”); Genzel v.<br />Halvorson, 248 Minn.
527, 531, 80 N.W.2d 854, 857–58 (1957) (“[The Seventh<br />Amendment] is not
binding upon the states.”).<br />This leaves only the state constitution. Article
I, section 4 of the state constitution<br />provides that “[t]he right of trial by
jury shall remain inviolate, and shall extend to all<br />cases at law without
regard to the amount in controversy.” But the article preserves
the<br />16<br />civil-jury trial right only “as it existed in the Territory of
Minnesota when our<br />constitution was adopted in 1857.” Abraham v. Cnty. of
Hennepin, 639 N.W.2d 342, 348<br />(Minn. 2002). This means that “a party is not
entitled to a jury trial if that same type of<br />action did not entitle a party
to a jury trial at the time the Minnesota Constitution was<br />adopted.” Olson v.
Synergistic Techs. Bus. Sys. Inc., 628 N.W.2d 142, 149 (Minn. 2001).<br />HROs of
the sort authorized by section 609.748, or its kin, orders for protection
(OFP)<br />authorized by section 518B.01, did not become statutory remedies until
1990 and 1979,<br />respectively. 1990 Minn. Laws ch. 461, § 5 at 972–74 (HRO);
1979 Minn. Laws ch. 214,<br />§ 1 at 414–17 (OFP). These actions were created long
after the state’s 1857 constitution,<br />but that does not end the inquiry
because the label of the legal action is not the point of<br />comparison. Olson,
628 N.W.2d at 149. The question instead is whether the “nature”
and<br />“character” of the controversy is of the same sort as one for which the
right to a jury trial<br />existed in 1857. Id. at 149–50. That is, we ask whether
the action is one that historically<br />sounds in law (jury trial) or in equity
(bench trial). See id. at 149–153; Abraham, 639<br />N.W.2d at 349 (“A thread runs
through our line of decisions . . . that has consistently<br />acknowledged the
distinction between actions at law, for which the constitution<br />guarantees a
right to jury trial, and actions in equity, for which there is no
constitutional<br />right to jury trial.”); see also United Prairie Bank-Mountain
Lake v. Haugen Nutrition &<br />Equip., LLC, 813 N.W.2d 49, 54 (Minn. 2012)
(observing that determining the nature and<br />character of the controversy
requires a look at the claim’s substance and the relief<br />sought).<br />17<br />An
order restraining harassment, like an order avoiding domestic abuse
by<br />restricting contact, is injunctive in nature. We have previously observed
that the<br />Minnesota Domestic Abuse Act is sufficiently similar to the statute
authorizing HROs so<br />that we could recognize caselaw construing the former as
applying to the latter. Anderson<br />v. Lake, 536 N.W.2d 909, 911 (Minn. App.
1995). The relief sought in an order for<br />protection, which is granted between
family or household members in cases of domestic<br />abuse, is injunctive in
nature. See Minn. Stat. 518B.01, subd. 6 (2012) (allowing a court<br />to grant
relief in various forms, including exclusion from the petitioner’s residence and
a<br />reasonable area surrounding the residence and restricting contact with the
petitioner).<br />And before the enactment of the HRO statute, but without
mentioning the relief available<br />by the order-for-protection statute, we
upheld a district court’s grant of injunctive relief<br />enjoining an ex-husband
from engaging in harassing conduct against his ex-wife because<br />of the
district court’s “inherent power to grant equitable relief in a marriage
dissolution<br />proceeding.” See Sward v. Sward, 410 N.W.2d 442, 445 (Minn. App.
1987), review<br />granted (Minn. Sept. 30, 1987) and appeal dismissed (Minn. Dec.
2, 1987). Arising from<br />the common law, our earliest family-law cases sound in
equity. See, e.g., Baier v. Baier,<br />91 Minn. 165, 170, 97 N.W. 671, 673 (1903)
(holding that a wife living apart from her<br />husband may maintain an equitable
action against him for support); True v. True, 6 Minn.<br />458, 467 (1861)
(noting that child-custody determinations are within the “special<br />province of
a court of equity”). More recently, our supreme court reminded us that
“the<br />jurisdiction of the district court in divorce actions is equitable.”
Johnston v. Johnston, 280<br />Minn. 81, 86, 158 N.W.2d 249, 254 (1968); see also
DeLa Rosa v. DeLa Rosa, 309<br />18<br />N.W.2d 755, 757–58 (Minn. 1981) (stating
that district courts are guided by equitable<br />principles in determining the
rights and liabilities of parties in a dissolution proceeding).<br />Based on its
historically injunctive, equitable nature, we hold that the petition for<br />the
HRO, particularly in this case, creates no constitutional right to a civil jury.
For all of<br />these reasons, the district court did not abuse its discretion by
issuing the HRO without<br />first affording Lea a jury trial.<br />C. The district
court did not abuse its discretion by issuing the<br />harassment restraining
order.<br />A district court may grant an HRO if it finds that reasonable grounds
exist to<br />believe that the respondent has engaged in harassment. Minn. Stat. §
609.748, subd.<br />5(a)(3) (2012). The statute defines “harassment” to include
“repeated incidents of<br />intrusive or unwanted acts, words, or gestures that
have a substantial adverse effect or are<br />intended to have a substantial
adverse effect on the safety, security, or privacy of<br />another.” Id., subd.
1(a)(1). The district court had sufficient evidence to find that Lea
had<br />harassed Jeremy. It knew that Lea repeatedly posted false statements on
the internet<br />alleging that Jeremy had sexually assaulted the children,
engaged in acts of animal<br />cruelty, used and sold controlled substances,
embezzled funds or bribed officials, and<br />testified falsely. Lea admitted to
authoring and posting the articles on her blog that<br />contained the
allegations, as well as posting the blog’s link on her Facebook page
(with<br />more than 1000 “friends”) and on her Twitter account (with more than
250 “followers”).<br />Jeremy testified that he received calls at home and at work
from individuals inquiring<br />about the allegations, embarrassing, angering, and
humiliating him. Based on this, the<br />19<br />district court found that Lea’s
false statements served “only to harass [Jeremy] and<br />attempt to adversely
affect his business, invade his privacy, and create ill will and
malice<br />toward him”; they did nothing to inform the public on any matter of
public concern. And<br />the district court discredited Lea’s claim that she
intended only to initiate judicial and<br />legislative reform. The district court
acted well within its discretion and on sound<br />evidence when it issued the HRO
against Lea.<br />Lea appears to argue that the HRO is inappropriate because
Jeremy has an<br />adequate remedy through a defamation action. Lea is probably
correct to the extent she<br />suggests that her conduct may also support a claim
by Jeremy in a civil action to redress<br />Lea’s previous false statements. But
the legislature has provided for the issuance of<br />HROs to prevent future
harassment, without excluding harassment that is also<br />defamatory. The paths
are not mutually exclusive.<br />Affirmed in part and reversed in part.</strong></div>
<strong>
</strong><br />
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<strong>DISCLAIMER:</strong></div>
<strong>
</strong><br />
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<strong>AFFIANT SHARON ANDERSON CURRENT CANDIDATE4MNAG</strong></div>
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<strong>
</strong><br />
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<strong>Issues:</strong></div>
<strong>
</strong><br />
<div align="center">
<strong>Lawyers_Judges creating Heinous AntiTrust, denial of
E-Commerce to Blogger Lea Banken via Unpublished Opinions
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=3&xmldoc=In%20MNCO%2020130211176.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7" title="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=3&xmldoc=In MNCO 20130211176.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7">http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=3&xmldoc=In%20MNCO%2020130211176.xml&docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR&SizeDisp=7</a></span></center>
<center>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">IN RE MARRIAGE OF BANKEN v. BANKEN<br />Court of
Appeals of Minnesota.<br />February 11, 2013.</span></center>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">I</span></center>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Lea
Banken argues that the district court unlawfully restricted her parenting time
and then imposed improper conditions on the resumption of parenting time. The
district court has broad discretion in deciding parenting-time questions based
on the best interests of the children and will not be reversed absent an abuse
of discretion. <i>Olson v. Olson,</i> </strong></span><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=534 N.W.2d 547" title="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=534 N.W.2d 547"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>534 N.W.2d 547</strong></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>, 550 (Minn. 1995). A district
court abuses its discretion by making findings unsupported by the evidence or
improperly applying the law. <i>Hagen v. Schirmers,</i> </strong></span><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=783 N.W.2d 212" title="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=783 N.W.2d 212"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>783 N.W.2d 212</strong></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>, 215 (Minn. App. 2010). A district
court's findings of fact on which a parenting-time decision is based will be
upheld unless they are clearly erroneous. <i>Griffin v. Van Griffin,</i>
</strong></span><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=267 N.W.2d 733" title="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=267 N.W.2d 733"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>267 N.W.2d 733</strong></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>, 735 (Minn.
1978).</strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">A. The
district court did not unlawfully restrict Lea's parenting
time.</span></div>
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<div class="pindent20" style="margin-top: 1em;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"><i>1.
Minnesota Statutes section 518.131, subdivision 2(a)
(2012).</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Lea
contends that the district court's final judgment violated Minnesota Statutes
section 518.131, subdivision 2(a), by impermissibly restricting her parenting
time. But section 518.131 applies only to temporary orders, not to final
judgments. <i>See</i> Minn. Stat. § 518.131, subd. 9(a) (2010) (stating that
temporary orders shall not prejudice rights litigated in subsequent
proceedings). We are not persuaded by Lea's challenge to that portion of the
final judgment that incorporates the terms of the May interim order. A temporary
order may deny parenting time to a parent if "the court finds that parenting
time is likely to cause physical or emotional harm to the child." <i>Id.,</i>
subd. 2(a). Although the May 2011 interim order lacks this express finding, the
failure to make statutory findings is not grounds for reversal if the record as
a whole would support the finding. <i>Gregory v. Gregory,</i> </strong></span><a href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=408 N.W.2d 695" title="http://www.leagle.com/xmlcontentlinks.aspx?gfile=408 N.W.2d 695"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>408 N.W.2d 695</strong></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>, 698 (Minn. App. 1987). So we turn
to the question of whether the record would support a finding of likely
harm.</strong></span></span></div>
<strong>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"><strong>We have
no difficulty concluding that the record would support the requisite finding
that unrestricted parenting time with Lea is likely to cause emotional harm to
the children. The district court heard Lea, Jeremy, and the children's therapist
testify that the couple's young son had recently mutilated a dog while in Lea's
care. The therapist testified without dispute that the son openly described the
mutilation and then immediately blurted this spontaneous account revealing Lea's
disturbing attempted emotional manipulation of the child: "Mommy said it is not
my fault. She said that daddy made me do it, but he didn't, daddy didn't make me
do it." The therapist concluded, with self-evident reasonableness, that Lea's
parenting time should be supervised immediately, and she made a child-protection
report of the encounter. Because the record is sufficient to support the interim
order, the district court did not abuse its discretion in ordering that Lea's
parenting time be supervised.</strong></span></div>
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</strong><h1>
<div class="pindent20" style="margin-top: 1em;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"><i>2.
Minnesota Statutes section 518.175, subdivision 1(a)
(2012).</i></span></div>
</h1>
<br clear="all" /><span family="SANSSERIF" lang="0" ptsize="10" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica/videos?query=Minnesota" title="http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica/videos?query=Minnesota"><strong>http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica/videos?query=Minnesota</strong></a><br /><a href="http://www.youtube.com/channel/UChwpfgqEZnbFH28fia8byPQ" title="http://www.youtube.com/channel/UChwpfgqEZnbFH28fia8byPQ"><strong>http://www.youtube.com/channel/UChwpfgqEZnbFH28fia8byPQ</strong></a><u><br /><a href="http://www.lawlessamerica.com/images/stories/GRIP/state%20legislation%20proposal-2012-09-26.pdf" title="http://www.lawlessamerica.com/images/stories/GRIP/state legislation proposal-2012-09-26.pdf"><strong>http://www.lawlessamerica.com/images/stories/GRIP/state%20legislation%20proposal-2012-09-26.pdf</strong></a><br /></u></span><u><span family="SANSSERIF" lang="0" ptsize="10" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /><strong>Sharon4Anderson@aol.com AttorneyProSe_Private AG, ECF
65913 Pacer:sa1299 Tel: 651-776-5835 HEALTH CARE Candidate 2014 MNAG </strong><a href="http://www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com/" title="http://www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com/"><strong>www.sharon4mnag.blogspot.com</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="http://www.sharon4anderson.org/" title="http://www.sharon4anderson.org/"><strong>www.sharon4anderson.org</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="http://www.sharonsenate64.blogspot.com/" title="http://www.sharonsenate64.blogspot.com/"><strong>www.sharonsenate64.blogspot.com
</strong></a><a href="http://sharon4anderson.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/judicial-corruption-_sharonscarrellaanderson_lawless-america/" title="http://sharon4anderson.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/judicial-corruption-_sharonscarrellaanderson_lawless-america/"><strong>http://sharon4anderson.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/judicial-corruption</strong></a><br /><a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson" title="http://www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson"><strong>www.facebook.com/sharon4anderson</strong></a><u><br /><a href="http://www.twitter.com/sharon4anderson" title="http://www.twitter.com/sharon4anderson"><strong>www.twitter.com/sharon4anderson</strong></a><strong>
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<strong>Opinions must be Published4PublicSafety_</strong>Citizens</div>
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Commerce<strong> 4 Family Rights</strong></div>
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<a class="uiLinkSubtle" href="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage/posts/137473023088184"><abbr data-utime="1360985066" title="Friday, February 15, 2013 at 7:24pm">Friday</abbr></a><a aria-label="Lea's friends" class="uiStreamPrivacy inlineBlock fbStreamPrivacy fbPrivacyAudienceIndicator _1_o" data-hover="tooltip" href="https://www.facebook.com/MIMLSage#"><i class="lock img sp_9dj00a sx_ff577b"></i></a></div>
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Appeals Court Decision Banken v. Banken</div>
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Article sent to 105 senators andrepresentatives. Appeals Court Rules Against Lea Dannewitz (f/k/a Banken) The Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the rulings of Judge Richard Perkins </div>
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<a href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/">http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/</a></div>
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5. <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa112156-021113.pdf">A11-2156, A12-0771</a><br />
<strong>In re the Marriage of: Jeremy Quinton Banken, petitioner, Respondent, vs. Lea Jean<br /> Banken, Appellant.<br /> Affirmed in part and reversed in part. Judge Kevin G. Ross.<br /> Carver County District Court, Hon. Richard C. Perkins.</strong><br />
<a href="http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/">http://carvercountycorruption.com/2013/02/15/appeals-court-decision-banken-v-banken/</a></div>
Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-51778338090253887732013-02-15T10:40:00.000-08:002013-02-15T10:40:06.564-08:00SusanRaeBerkovitz_vs_Justice David R.Stras_AnimalBrody_DeathSentence<u><span style="color: #0066cc;">DISCLAIMER: AFFIANT SHARON ANDERSON AKA SCARRELLA VA WIDOW_WHISTLEBLOWER_VICTIM BRINGS TO THE BAR OF PUBLIC OPINION.</span></u><br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: #0066cc;">12-0908</span></u> Susan Rae Berkovitz, petitioner, Appellant, vs. State of Minnesota, Respondent.<br />
Hennepin County.<br />
The postconviction court did not abuse its discretion when it summarily denied the appellant’s second petition for postconviction relief because the petition was filed after the two-year limitations period in Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(a) (2012) had expired, and neither the newly discovered evidence nor the interests of justice exceptions to the limitations period apply.<br />
<strong> Affirmed. Justice David R. Stras.</strong><br />
<div>
<a class="l" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.minnesota.publicradio.org%2Ffeatures%2F2004%2F09%2F29_hughesa_security%2F&ei=Vn4eUZ3UDebkyQGGtIGQBQ&usg=AFQjCNFHTHk09UcBSVv9A4unOyOFTulJzg&sig2=o6z-pk0bQDVyYfTrNQ4_AA&bvm=bv.42553238,d.aWc"><span style="color: #1122cc;">MPR: Government Center shooting brought security changes</span></a></div>
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<cite>news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/.../29_hughesa_securi...</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:dQG-nOUCrSQJ:news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/09/29_hughesa_security/+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a> - <a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&biw=729&bih=595&q=related:news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/09/29_hughesa_security/+susan+berkovitz&sa=X&ei=Vn4eUZ3UDebkyQGGtIGQBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CD4QHzAB"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Similar</span></a></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_1" data-desc="You could not read in his eyes that a year ago Susan Berkovitz fired an antique pistol at him from inches away, painfully ripping through his ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_1" data-title="MPR: Government Center shooting brought security changes" data-url="http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/09/29_hughesa_security/" data-ved="0CD8Q5hkwAQ" data-vli="srslcl_1" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_1" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Share</span></span></a><div class="pplsrslc" data-ved="0CEAQ5xkwAQ" id="srslc_1">
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You +1'd this publicly. <a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/#"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Undo</span></a></div>
<span class="st"><span class="f">Sep 29, 2004 – </span>You could not read in his eyes that a year ago <strong>Susan Berkovitz</strong> fired an antique pistol at him from inches away, painfully ripping through his <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t91615/"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Susan " Berkovitz" Shoots Attorney in CourtRoom - Stormfront</span></a></h3>
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<cite><span class="bc">www.stormfront.org › ... › <a href="http://www.stormfront.org/forum/f10/"><span style="color: #1122cc;">News</span></a> › <a href="http://www.stormfront.org/forum/f12/"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Newslinks & Articles</span></a></span></cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZPSnT0l5ensJ:www.stormfront.org/forum/t91615/+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_5" data-desc="Oct 1 2003 Victim For a month, Susan Berkovitz had waited for the hearing to reconsider a denial for a restraining order. After bitterly fighting." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_5" data-title="Susan " Berkovitz" Shoots Attorney in CourtRoom - Stormfront" data-url="http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t91615/" data-ved="0CFYQ5hkwBQ" data-vli="srslcl_5" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_5" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Share</span></span></a><div class="pplsrslc" data-ved="0CFcQ5xkwBQ" id="srslc_5">
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You +1'd this publicly. <a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/#"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Undo</span></a></div>
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6 posts - 6 authors - Sep 30, 2003</div>
<span class="st">Oct 1 2003 Victim For a month, <strong>Susan Berkovitz</strong> had waited for the hearing to reconsider a denial for a restraining order. After bitterly fighting.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=susan+berkovitz&hl=en&tbo=u&biw=729&bih=595&tbm=dsc&sa=X&ei=Vn4eUZ3UDebkyQGGtIGQBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFkQmAcwBQ"><span class="micon" style="background-position: 0px -172px;"></span><span style="color: #1122cc;">Get more discussion results</span></a></h3>
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<strong>SHAME ON MINNESOTA COURTS AND JUSTICE DAVID R.STRAS et al</strong></div>
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<a href="http://www.lawlessamerica.com/"><strong>www.lawlessamerica.com</strong></a><strong> </strong><span class="feed-item-owner"><a dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica?feature=plcp" title="lawlessamerica">lawlessamerica</a> <strong>Affiant Sharon Anderson humble Plea to Hon.Bill Windsor re:Judicial Corruption,DenialDueProcess re: MN Victims,Whistleblowers</strong></span></div>
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<span class="feed-item-owner"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica/videos?query=minnesota">http://www.youtube.com/user/lawlessamerica/videos?query=minnesota</a></span></div>
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<div class="feed-item-content-wrapper clearfix context-data-item" data-context-item-actionuser="lawlessamerica" data-context-item-id="rvbRfbI6Fhk" data-context-item-time="32:27" data-context-item-title="State of the Union 2013: Response of The Revolutionary Party." data-context-item-type="video" data-context-item-user="lawlessamerica" data-context-item-views="1,329 views">
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<a class="ux-thumb-wrap yt-uix-contextlink yt-uix-sessionlink contains-addto" data-sessionlink="feature=plcp&ei=f38eUcnDDeGQhgHs34GACg" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvbRfbI6Fhk" tabindex="-1"><span class="video-thumb ux-thumb yt-thumb-default-185 "><span class="yt-thumb-clip"><span class="yt-thumb-clip-inner"><img alt="" data-group-key="thumb-group-0" data-thumb="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/rvbRfbI6Fhk/mqdefault.jpg" src="http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/rvbRfbI6Fhk/mqdefault.jpg" width="185" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></span></span></span><span class="video-time"><strong>32:27</strong></span><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="rvbRfbI6Fhk" role="button" title="Watch Later" type="button"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="Watch Later" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></span></button></a><div class="feed-thumb-watched">
<strong>W<span class="yt-thumb-clip-inner"><img alt="Thumbnail" src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/AwY0yQlvFn4/mqdefault.jpg" width="194" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></span></strong><span class="video-time"><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">3:20</span></u></span><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="AwY0yQlvFn4" role="button" title="Watch Later" type="button"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="Watch Later" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></span></button><span class="content-item-detail"><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=XIAeUaX5CammhgGahYHYBw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwY0yQlvFn4" title="Congressional Testimony: Lea Banken to Bill Windsor of Lawless America"><strong>Congressional Testimony: Lea Banken to Bill Wi... </strong></a><span class="content-item-metadata"><span class="content-item-view-count"><strong> 500 views <span class="yt-thumb-clip-inner"><img alt="Thumbnail" src="http://i4.ytimg.com/vi/WMWslSdm15g/mqdefault.jpg" width="194" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></span></strong><span class="video-time"><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">27:34</span></u></span><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="WMWslSdm15g" role="button" title="Watch Later" type="button"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="Watch Later" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></span></button><span class="content-item-detail"><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=XIAeUaX5CammhgGahYHYBw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMWslSdm15g" title="Family Court Corruption - Bill Windsor of Lawless America and Carver County Minnesota Victims"><strong> Family Court Corruption - Bill Windsor of Lawle... </strong></a><span class="content-item-metadata"><strong><span class="content-item-view-count"> 387 views </span><span class="metadata-separator">|</span><span class="content-item-time-created">5 months ago</span></strong></span></span></span><strong><span class="metadata-separator">|</span><span class="content-item-time-created">2 months ago</span></strong></span></span><strong>ATCHED </strong><span><strong><img alt="Thumbnail" src="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/4TbcTC5Yg68/mqdefault.jpg" width="194" /><span class="vertical-align"></span></strong><u><span style="color: #0066cc;">13:58</span></u></span><button class="addto-button video-actions spf-nolink addto-watch-later-button yt-uix-button yt-uix-button-default yt-uix-button-short yt-uix-tooltip" data-video-ids="4TbcTC5Yg68" role="button" title="Watch Later" type="button"><span class="yt-uix-button-content"><img alt="Watch Later" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/pixel-vfl3z5WfW.gif" /></span></button><span class="content-item-detail"><a class="content-item-title spf-link yt-uix-sessionlink yt-uix-contextlink" data-sessionlink="ei=rH8eUbSiB5SshgHqrYDwAw" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TbcTC5Yg68" title="Congressional Testimony: Sharon Anderson to Bill Windsor of Lawless America"><strong>Congressional Testimony: Sharon Anderson to Bi... </strong></a><span class="content-item-metadata"><strong><span class="content-item-view-count"> 260 views </span><span class="metadata-separator">|</span><span class="content-item-time-created">1 month ago</span></strong></span></span><strong> </strong></div>
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<a class="feed-video-title title yt-uix-contextlink yt-uix-sessionlink yt-ui-ellipsis yt-ui-ellipsis-2" data-sessionlink="feature=plcp&ei=f38eUcnDDeGQhgHs34GACg" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvbRfbI6Fhk" title="State of the Union 2013: Response of The Revolutionary Party."> State of the Union 2013: Response of The Revolutionary Party. </a></h4>
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<span class="view-count"><strong> 1,329 views </strong></span><div class="description lines-3">
<strong>State of the Union 2013: Response of The Revolutionary Party.</strong><br />
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<strong>My Fellow Americans: The State of our Union is as bad as it has ever been.</strong><br />
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<a class="l" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/22/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-put-down-20121222"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Brody the dog is put down after 2-year legal battle in Minnesota <b>...</b></span></a></h3>
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<cite>articles.latimes.com/.../la-na-nn-<b>minnesota</b>-<b>dog</b>-<b>put</b>-<b>d</b>...</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mnpn32JuYvYJ:articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/22/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-put-down-20121222+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_2" data-desc="Brody the dog is put down after 2-year legal battle in Minnesota ... The Minnesota Supreme Court had ruled this week that Lino Lakes could ... He called the retriever-Rottweiler mix a lovable, peaceful dog that had been ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_2" data-title="Brody the dog is put down after 2-year legal battle in Minnesota ..." data-url="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/22/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-put-down-20121222" data-ved="0CF8Q5hkwAg" data-vli="srslcl_2" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_2" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Share</span></span></a><br />
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You +1'd this publicly. <a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/#"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Undo</span></a></div>
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<a class="fl nobr" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Dog+named+Brody+put+down+by+MN+Courts&hl=en&biw=1112&bih=595&tbs=ppl_ids:--113529286987769083288-,ppl_nps:Andrew+Khouri,ppl_aut:1&tbo=d&sa=X&ei=p3weUb6wDcT_ygHz-YCgBg&ved=0CGEQ_RYwAg" style="color: #1122cc; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Andrew Khouri" border="0" height="44" id="apthumb2" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="vertical-align: middle;" width="44" /></a></div>
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<a class="authorship_link" href="https://plus.google.com/113529286987769083288"><span style="color: #1122cc;">by Andrew Khouri</span></a> - <a class="authorship_link" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Dog+named+Brody+put+down+by+MN+Courts&hl=en&biw=1112&bih=595&tbs=ppl_ids:--113529286987769083288-,ppl_nps:Andrew+Khouri,ppl_aut:1&tbo=d&sa=X&ei=p3weUb6wDcT_ygHz-YCgBg&ved=0CGUQnxYwAg"><span style="color: #1122cc;">More by Andrew Khouri</span></a></div>
<span class="st"><span class="f">Dec 22, 2012 – </span><strong>Brody</strong> the <strong>dog</strong> is <strong>put down</strong> after 2-year legal battle in <strong>Minnesota</strong> <b>...</b> The <strong>Minnesota</strong> Supreme <strong>Court</strong> had ruled this week that Lino Lakes could <b>...</b> He <strong>called</strong> the retriever-Rottweiler mix a lovable, peaceful <strong>dog</strong> that had been <b>...</b></span></td></tr>
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<a class="l" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/20/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-bite-20121220"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Minnesota dog faces death sentence after state high court ruling <b>...</b></span></a></h3>
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<cite>articles.latimes.com/.../la-na-nn-<b>minnesota</b>-<b>dog</b>-bite-20121220</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:OdcpB0Q88okJ:articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/20/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-bite-20121220+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_3" data-desc="Brody the dog may have reached the end of his days. ... city planned to put the dog down Friday, but that he was pleading for an alternative. ... The names of those bitten were identified in court documents only by their initials: ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_3" data-title="Minnesota dog faces death sentence after state high court ruling ..." data-url="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/20/nation/la-na-nn-minnesota-dog-bite-20121220" data-ved="0CG0Q5hkwAw" data-vli="srslcl_3" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_3" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Share</span></span></a><br />
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<a class="authorship_link" href="https://plus.google.com/113529286987769083288"><span style="color: #1122cc;">by Andrew Khouri</span></a> - <a class="authorship_link" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Dog+named+Brody+put+down+by+MN+Courts&hl=en&biw=1112&bih=595&tbs=ppl_ids:--113529286987769083288-,ppl_nps:Andrew+Khouri,ppl_aut:1&tbo=d&sa=X&ei=p3weUb6wDcT_ygHz-YCgBg&ved=0CHEQnxYwAw"><span style="color: #1122cc;">More by Andrew Khouri</span></a></div>
<span class="st"><span class="f">Dec 20, 2012 – </span><strong>Brody</strong> the <strong>dog</strong> may have reached the end of his days. <b>...</b> city planned to <strong>put</strong> the <strong>dog down</strong> Friday, but that he was pleading for an alternative. <b>...</b> The <strong>names</strong> of those bitten were identified in <strong>court</strong> documents only by their initials: <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.examiner.com/article/minnesota-dog-destroyed-after-two-year-fight-to-save-his-life"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Minnesota dog destroyed after two year fight to save his life <b>...</b></span></a></h3>
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<cite>www.examiner.com/.../<b>minnesota</b>-<b>dog</b>-destroyed-after-two-ye...</cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LI4dzdj6KaUJ:www.examiner.com/article/minnesota-dog-destroyed-after-two-year-fight-to-save-his-life+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a></span><a class="pplsrsla" data-ci="srslc_4" data-desc="Brody's owner fought for years to save his dog's life, but that battle is now ... a ruling by the Minnesota Supreme Court which allowed Lino Lakes, Minn. ... “ Nobody likes to see a dog put down, but in reality the dog's owners had ... Mistrial called after victim's glass eyes falls out in court. t.co/dsQ8kxJQ #yikes ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_4" data-title="Minnesota dog destroyed after two year fight to save his life ..." data-url="http://www.examiner.com/article/minnesota-dog-destroyed-after-two-year-fight-to-save-his-life" data-ved="0CHkQ5hkwBA" data-vli="srslcl_4" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_4" jsaction="srl.s" role="button" tabindex="0"><span class="pplsrsl"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Share</span></span></a><br />
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<span class="st"><span class="f">Dec 23, 2012 – </span><strong>Brody's</strong> owner fought for years to save his <strong>dog's</strong> life, but that battle is now <b>...</b> a ruling by the <strong>Minnesota</strong> Supreme <strong>Court</strong> which allowed Lino Lakes, Minn. <b>...</b> “<wbr></wbr>Nobody likes to see a <strong>dog put down</strong>, but in reality the <strong>dog's</strong> owners had <b>...</b> Mistrial <strong>called</strong> after victim's glass eyes falls out in <strong>court</strong>. t.co/dsQ8kxJQ #yikes <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=230" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=230"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Supreme Court
Opinions</span></a></h3>
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<cite><span class="bc">www.mncourts.gov › <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=24" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=24"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Home</span></a> › <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=1235" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=1235"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Appellate
Courts</span></a> › <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=550" title="http://www.mncourts.gov/?page=550"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Supreme
Court</span></a></span></cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZApgEwp2RxAJ:www.mncourts.gov/%3Fpage%3D230+Susan+Berkovitz+Justice+Stras&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" title="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZApgEwp2RxAJ:www.mncourts.gov/?page=230+Susan+Berkovitz+Justice+Stras&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Cached</span></a> - <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&biw=517&bih=595&q=related:www.mncourts.gov/%3Fpage%3D230+Susan+Berkovitz+Justice+Stras&sa=X&ei=6m8eUbe7OcPaywGr14GADg&ved=0CEMQHzAC" title="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&biw=517&bih=595&q=related:www.mncourts.gov/?page=230+Susan+Berkovitz+Justice+Stras&sa=X&ei=6m8eUbe7OcPaywGr14GADg&ved=0CEMQHzAC"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Similar</span></a></span></div>
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<span class="st">Chief Justice Lorie S. Gildea. A12-0908 Susan Rae
Berkovitz, petitioner, Appellant, vs. State of Minnesota <b>...</b> period
apply. Affirmed. Justice David R. Stras.</span></div>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/" title="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Susan
Berkovitz - Angelfire</span></a></h3>
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<span class="st">Click on Pictures to Enlarge
Photos of Sue Berkovitz (left) and her dog (right) <b>...</b> See Story on Judge
Amundson - fraud by Amundson as conservator for a
<b>...</b></span></div>
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Leslie Davis how do I
transpose your Wall of Shame of Judges</li>
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<a class="l" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=susan%20berkovitz%20ddaweb&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Fmn3%2Fdeadbydiabetes%2Fberkdefensefund.html&ei=vm8eUaOnBdDiyAGK44HgBQ&usg=AFQjCNHpMfHDnu9zSuDt2uAOkHejG6hyjg&bvm=bv.42553238,d.aWM" title="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=susan berkovitz ddaweb&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/berkdefensefund.html&ei=vm8eUaOnBdDiyAGK44HgBQ&usg=AFQjCNHpMfHDnu9zSuDt2uAOkHejG6hyjg&bvm=bv.42553238,d.aWM"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Susan Berkovitz Defense Fund - CONTRIBUTE TODAY!</span></a></h3>
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<span class="st"><strong>Susan Berkovitz</strong> Defense Fund.
www.MurderbyDiabetes.org <b>...</b> y. D. I. A. B. E. T. E<wbr></wbr>. S.
<strong>SUSAN BERKOVITZ</strong> & HENDRICKSON. Also see:
<strong>DDAweb</strong>.org · Google <b>...</b></span></div>
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<span class="st"><strong>SUSAN
BERKOVITZ</strong> & HENDRICKSON. Also see: <strong>DDAweb</strong>.org ·
Google. © 2004 Diabetics/Disabled Anonymous™. All rights reserved.
DIABETICS/DISABLED <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://verdict.justia.com/?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;" title="http://verdict.justia.com/?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Today
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<a href="http://verdict.justia.com/2013/02/15/protecting-social-security-from-an-onslaught-of-misinformation?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" style="color: #111111; text-decoration: none;" title="http://verdict.justia.com/2013/02/15/protecting-social-security-from-an-onslaught-of-misinformation?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Protecting
Social Security From an Onslaught of Misinformation: Young People Need to Make
Sure That This Essential Program Will Be There to Help Them</a> </h4>
<div class="verdict_author">
<a class="verdict_author_name" href="http://verdict.justia.com/author/buchanan?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" rel="author" style="color: #777777; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase;" title="http://verdict.justia.com/author/buchanan?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Neil H. Buchanan</a> </div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;">
Justia columnist, George Washington law professor,
and economist Neil Buchanan cautions young people that there is much
misinformation in the media, and from some in Congress, now about Social
Security, which he urges them to resist. <a href="http://verdict.justia.com/2013/02/15/protecting-social-security-from-an-onslaught-of-misinformation?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" style="color: #1773c5;" title="http://verdict.justia.com/2013/02/15/protecting-social-security-from-an-onslaught-of-misinformation?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Read
Article</a></div>
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Daily Opinion Summaries</h4>
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Minnesota Supreme Court</h3>
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<td class="tocbox" style="background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 10px; color: #333333; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-top: 10px;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 10px;">
<strong>Summaries for
February 15, 2013</strong></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="mip://095e0d98/default.html#summary_19363" style="color: #1773c5;" title="#summary_19363">Green v. BMW of N. Am., LLC</a>
<br /><span class="practice_areas_text" style="font-size: 12px;">Consumer Law,
Contracts</span>
<li style="padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="mip://095e0d98/default.html#summary_19365" style="color: #1773c5;" title="#summary_19365">Berkovitz v. State</a>
<br /><span class="practice_areas_text" style="font-size: 12px;">Civil Rights,
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law</span> </li>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
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<h1 class="mc-toc-title" style="color: #333333; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="http://j.st/LeD?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" name="summary_19363" style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;" title="http://j.st/LeD?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Green v. BMW of N. Am., LLC</a></h1>
<table class="summary_case_metadata">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="35%"><strong>Docket:</strong> A11-581 </td>
<td align="right" valign="top"><strong>Opinion Date:</strong> February 13, 2013
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Judge:</strong> Gildea </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Areas of Law:</strong> Consumer Law,
Contracts </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin: 15px 0px 8px;">
Plaintiff leased a vehicle from
BMW. Plaintiff claimed the leased vehicle was defective and brought suit against
BMW. After a bench trial, the trial court awarded Plaintiff $25,157 in damages
based on Minnesota's lemon law. The district court then granted Plaintiff's
motion for an award of attorney fees and litigation costs, awarding Plaintiff a
total of $229,064 in fees and costs. In reaching its conclusion on attorney
fees, the court determined that it was "improper to compare the amount of
reasonable legal fees to the amount of recovery in determining the proper fee
award." The court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court reversed, holding (1)
the amount involved in the litigation and the results obtained are relevant
factors that the district court is to consider in awarding attorney fees under
Minnesota's lemon law; and (2) the district court abused its discretion by
failing to consider these factors in awarding attorney fees under the lemon law.
Remanded.</div>
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<td class="article" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 246); border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 10px; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; padding: 20px;"><article>
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<h1 class="mc-toc-title" style="color: #333333; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="http://j.st/Lea?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email" name="summary_19365" style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;" title="http://j.st/Lea?utm_source=Justia+Law&utm_campaign=52ff6730e6-summary_newsletters_jurisdictions&utm_medium=email">Berkovitz v. State</a></h1>
<table class="summary_case_metadata">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="35%"><strong>Docket:</strong> A12-908 </td>
<td align="right" valign="top"><strong>Opinion Date:</strong> February 13, 2013
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Judge:</strong> Stras </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Areas of Law:</strong> Civil Rights,
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin: 15px 0px 8px;">
After a jury trial, Defendant
was convicted of first-degree premeditated murder and attempted first-degree
murder. Defendant was sentenced to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court affirmed
Defendant's convictions on direct appeal. Defendant filed a petition for habeas
corpus relief in federal district court, which was denied, and a petition for
postconviction relief in state court, which was also denied. Defendant
subsequently filed a second petition for postconviction relief, which the
postconviction court denied after concluding that the petition was filed after
the expiration of the two-year limitations period in Minn. Stat. 590.01, subd.
4(a)(2). The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the district court did not
abuse its discretion in denying the petition as untimely, as the petition
satisfied neither exception to the limitations period.</div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-22398098111517156752013-02-15T10:18:00.001-08:002013-02-15T12:07:48.262-08:00SusanRaeBerkovitzMNA12-0908_DriventoMurderviaCorruptLawyers<div style="font-family: "Arial"; font-size: 10pt;">
From:
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To: sharon4anderson@aol.com<br />
Sent: 2/15/2013
8:06:13 A.M. Central Standard Time</div>
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<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA120908-0213.pdf">A12-0908</a> Susan Rae Berkovitz, petitioner, Appellant, vs. State of Minnesota, Respondent.<br />
Hennepin County.<br />
The postconviction court did not abuse its discretion when it summarily denied the appellant’s second petition for postconviction relief because the petition was filed after the two-year limitations period in Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(a) (2012) had expired, and neither the newly discovered evidence nor the interests of justice exceptions to the limitations period apply.<br />
<strong> Affirmed. Justice David R. Stras.</strong><br />
Subj: Minnesota Supreme Court Summaries
for February 15, 2013</div>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="35%"><strong>Docket:</strong> A12-908 </td>
<td align="right" valign="top"><strong>Opinion Date:</strong> February 13, 2013
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Judge:</strong> Stras </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><strong>Areas of Law:</strong> Civil Rights,
Constitutional Law, Criminal Law </td></tr>
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<div style="font-size: 16px; margin: 15px 0px 8px;">
After a jury trial, Defendant
was convicted of first-degree premeditated murder and attempted first-degree
murder. Defendant was sentenced to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court affirmed
Defendant's convictions on direct appeal. Defendant filed a petition for habeas
corpus relief in federal district court, which was denied, and a petition for
postconviction relief in state court, which was also denied. Defendant
subsequently filed a second petition for postconviction relief, which the
postconviction court denied after concluding that the petition was filed after
the expiration of the two-year limitations period in Minn. Stat. 590.01, subd.
4(a)(2). The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the district court did not
abuse its discretion in denying the petition as untimely, as the petition
satisfied neither exception to the limitations period.</div>
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<span style="color: #669933; font-size: small;"><b>Dr. Victor
Corbett</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #669933;"><b><span style="color: #669933; font-size: small;">Rick
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<b><span style="color: #669933; font-size: small;">Susan
Berkovitz</span></b></div>
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the elderly and vulnerable.</b></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #000066; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/NEWSht.html" target="_blank">See
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professional<br />guardians/conservators and their attorneys?<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>See downloads-click on images: </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/affidavits.html" target="_parent"><img align="bottom" border="0" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" /></a> <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/affidavitsFriendRelIDD.html"><img align="bottom" border="0" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" /></a></span></b></td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="160"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">In 1986, Dr. Victor Corbett
<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/C12.html" target="_blank">murdered his patient Jane Dorothy Duchene</a>, by discontinuing
her insulin by two thirds, so she would<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/C15.html" target="_blank"> die
of insulin deficiency before her brother, Roger Krause</a>, died of pancreatic
cancer, Roger Krause had suddenly become terminally ill with pancreatic cancer,
within one month of getting Jane to sign a will. Jane had to die before Roger,
so Roger's wife Bessie could claim on this will, and so she did<br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/PDF/murphyFBIall.pdf" target="_blank">MURPHY'S REPORT'S.</a><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/PDF/murphyFBIall.pdf" target="_parent"><img border="0" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" /></a></span></b><br />Corbett
was a family friend of the Krauses, and medical associate of their son, Bob, who
is a pathologist and colleague of Corbett's.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/mansur.html" target="_blank">•SEE COURT TRANSCRIPT</a><br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/burnscover.html" target="_blank">•SEE REPORT OF DR. BURNS<b><br /></b></a><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/PDF/Burndall.pdf" target="_blank">•Dr. Burns Report PDF version</a></span><span style="color: #669933;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/chrononlogy2ht.html" target="_blank">Corbett murdered Jane Duchene in nursing home</a> to assist Roger
and Bessie Krause to retain claims<br />to probate of a will<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Basic Medical Info on Diabetes
for review of medical records:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000;">| <a href="http://www2.sw.org/dnet/dictionary/dicindex.htm" target="_blank">1</a> | <a href="http://my.webmd.com/medical_information/condition_centers/diabetes_1_2/default.htm" target="_blank">2</a> | <a href="http://www.joslin.harvard.edu/main.shtml" target="_blank">3</a> | <a href="http://www.aboutdiabetes.com/" target="_blank">4</a> | <a href="http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/408/408.html" target="_blank">5</a> | <a href="http://www.man-net.org/hospital/medinfo/diabetes.html" target="_blank">6</a>
|</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/bin/blog/control.comment?a=render&blog_id=90708&entry_id=129110&u=mn3/deadbydiabetes2" target="_blank">Post your opinion!</a></b></span></div>
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<td><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formorderCD.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="144" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/cdsm.gif" width="144" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formorderCD.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">CD Order Form 4<br />Murder by
Diabetes</span></b></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Richard</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Hendrickson, who represented Bessie Krause,
pictured bottom, right, in probate court, <b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/mansur.html" target="_blank">knowingly assisting her to profit from the crime of
murder</a></b>. He did this for about eight years.<br />He only dropped Bessie as
a client when she had run up a $30,000.00 debt for legal fees, which he hoped to
recover from the estate of Jane Duchene, or her only child, daughter, Mary
Jane.<br />It does appear that closer scrutiny of Richard Henrickson's legal
practice, and the extent to which he is still associated with apparent milking
of estates and subordinating criminal acts, in conjunction with estates and
probates, possibly including the Berkovitz matter, is something that should be
done by authorities in Hennepin County?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Click <a href="http://www.murderbydiabetes.org/" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: small;">HERE</span></b></a> for full story of <b><a href="http://www.murderbydiabetes.org/" target="_blank">murder of Jane D.
Duchene</a></b></span></div>
<span style="color: #669933;"><b>Hendrickson, lawyer for Bessie Krause in Estate of
Jane Duchene and Estate of Roger Krause.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/RichardHenrickson.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">• MORE<span style="font-size: small;"><br />on Hendrickson</span></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/HENprofile.html" target="_blank">• PROFILE<br /><span style="font-size: small;">Hendrickson<br />from other victims</span></a></span></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/dandrick.html" target="_blank">• Photo<br /><span style="font-size: small;">Rick and Diane in<br />their early
years</span></a></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/dandrick.html"><img border="1" height="117" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/dandricksm2.jpg" width="156" /></a> </span></b></td></tr>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/bin/blog/control.comment?a=render&blog_id=90708&entry_id=129110&u=mn3/deadbydiabetes2" target="_blank">Post your opinion!</a></b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/personalhighscho09302003.pdf" target="_blank">Mentally ill and pushed over the edge? </a><br /><br />What about her
claims that she was<b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/WORLDOWN.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #669933;">
pushed to the edge</span></a></b> by Hendrickson and the
conservator?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/judicial.html" target="_blank">Judicial Updates
</a></span><br />Story downloads: <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PPBerk09292003.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PPBerk09302003.pdf" target="_blank">2</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PPBerk1.pdf" target="_blank">3</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PPBerk10012003.pdf" target="_blank">4</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PPBerk2.pdf" target="_blank">5</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/Womancharged.pdf" target="_blank">6</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/Accused.pdf" target="_blank">7</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PioneerPresscharges.pdf" target="_blank">8</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/PioneerPresscharges.pdf" target="_blank">9</a>|<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/judgeassigned.pdf" target="_blank">10</a> | </span><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/newdev.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">NEW</span></a></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/CityCouAgen2002.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: #669933;">Is Susan Berkovitz<br />a frivolous
litigator?<br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>DOWNLOAD</i> </span></span></a><br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/settlement.html" target="_blank"><img align="middle" border="1" height="85" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/Sberkstpaulccsm.gif" width="148" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/settlement.html" target="_blank"><br /><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Click to enlarge
Berkovitz's $75,000 settlement agreement with the City of St. Paul, 2000.</span>
</a></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/trial.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The Trail -
Media Reports</span></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formorderCD.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: xx-small;">CD Order Form 4<br />Murder by
Diabetes</span></b></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/miranda.html" target="_blank">MIRANDA RIGHTS!</a></b></span> </td></tr>
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<td align="center" background="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/flagBOARDER2.gif" valign="top" width="366"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formproblem.html"><span style="color: #669933; font-size: x-large;">What can be
done?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/wvotis.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #ff0066; font-size: x-small;">The Grand Jury:
Remedy <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">to </span>Prosecutorial
Inaction</span><span style="color: #669933; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></a></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/wvotis.html"><span style="color: #ff0066;">State of Minnesota ex rel. J. J. WILD v. James C. OTIS, 257
</span></a></span><span style="color: #ff0066; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/wvotis.html"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/wvotis.html"><span style="color: #ff0066; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NW.2d, 361</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="mailto:Mario.Galasso@co.hennepin.mn.us"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Click HERE to
contact Berkovitz's Public Defender, Investigator, if you<br />have
</span></a></span></b></span><a href="mailto:Mario.Galasso@co.hennepin.mn.us"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>any adverse experience involving
Hendrickson</b></span><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><b>/<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Joseph--Kordell</span></b></span></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono;">Contact/E-mail DDA/us at:<a href="mailto:DDAwebDDA@aol.com">
DDAwebDDA@aol.com</a></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Info on
Battered Women's Syndrome:</b><br /><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="20" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" width="20" /></span></b> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/BatteredWomansSyndrome1.pdf" target="_blank">PDF Download 1 on Battered Women's
Syndrome</a></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="20" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" width="20" /></span></b> <b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/BatteredWomanSyndrome2.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">PDF Download 2 </span></a></b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/BatteredWomanSyndrome2.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>on Battered Women's
Syndrome</b></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><img border="0" height="20" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/images/pdf.gif" width="20" /></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/EllisSufferingBattered.pdf" target="_blank">PDF Download 3 on Battered Women's Syndrome</a></b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top" width="120"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/chronologiesindexht.html" target="_blank"><img align="middle" border="3" height="180" src="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/bessie.jpg" width="138" /></a> <br />
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<b><span style="color: #669933;">Bessie Krause, now in her 80's pictured
above in 1965 photo - <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes/medicalrecindexht.html" target="_blank">murdered her sister in law</a> in a nursing home to retain claims
to a will and profit from the murder.</span></b></div>
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<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/bin/blog/control.comment?a=render&blog_id=90708&entry_id=129110&u=mn3/deadbydiabetes2" target="_blank">Post your opinion!</a></b></span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #669933;">Shelley<br />Joseph-Kordell</span></b><b><span style="color: #669933;"><a href="http://www.elderlifeplanning.com/residents/rentadaughter.htm" target="_blank">1</a>|<a href="http://www.elderlifeplanning.com/idi/index.htm" target="_blank">2</a>|<a href="http://www.fairview.org/foundation/pdf/eb%20annual%20report%202001%20pdf.pdf" target="_blank">3</a> <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/EstatesinTransitionInc.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a> <br /><br />Geri Joseph<br /><a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=geri%2Bjoseph&btnG=Google%2BSearch" target="_blank">1</a>|<a href="http://www.hhh.umn.edu/about/giving/campaign.htm" target="_blank">2</a>|<a href="http://www.hhhills.org/resource/pdf/hhh0901.pdf" target="_blank">3</a> <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PDF/GoogleSearchgerijoseph.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: #669933;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">To enlarge click<br />on image above</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/ddaweb/donatealone.html" target="_blank">DONATE
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<b><span style="color: #669933; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Have you had an experience of theft, loss...
involving Richard Hendrickson, or a professional guardian, or via a similar
circumstance?<br />If so contact us at: <br />Diabetics/Disabled</span><span style="color: #669933; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Anonymous<br />Just
...</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #669933;"> </span><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formproblem.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Click</span></a></span> <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formproblem.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here</span></a><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formproblem.html"><span style="color: #cc0000;">!</span></a></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/formproblem.html"><span style="color: #669933;"><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">REPLY TO PUBLIC SERVICE
ANNOUNCEMENT</span></span></a><br /><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/PSAFLASHmusic.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">FLASH MOVIE</span></a>
</span></b></div>
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<td align="center" height="153" valign="bottom" width="78%"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.murderbydiabetes.org/" target="_blank">Reading list and ideas to
help you<br />protect your family and estate.</a></span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684854848/ref=pm_dp_ln_b_6/103-3343868-5223043?v=glance&s=books&vi=reviews" target="_blank"><span style="color: #669933; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; font-size: large;">"Blind Eye"</span></a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0465049052/ref=pm_dp_ln_b_6/103-3343868-5223043?v=glance&s=books&vi=reviews" target="_blank"><span style="color: #669933; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; font-size: large;">"The
Nazi Doctors"</span></a> <br /><br /><span style="color: #669933; font-family: Courier New, Courier, mono; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/wiley.html" target="_blank">Cartoon
Comment</a> </span></b></td>
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<td align="center" height="57" valign="middle"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Find out<br />more
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<td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> MINNEAPOLIS - Susan Rae
Berkovitz went to a court hearing with the intention of killing her cousin and
her cousin's lawyer using an antique revolver she purchased from a gun show,
according to charges filed Wednesday.<br /> Berkovitz, 52, of St. Paul, was
arrested without incident Monday shortly after the fatal shooting of Shelley
Joseph-Kordell, 56, of Minnetonka, and the wounding of attorney Richard
Hendrickson, 53, of Crystal.<br /> Prosecutors charged Berkovitz with one
count of first-degree murder and one count of first-degree attempted murder
Wednesday in the shooting at the Hennepin County Government
Center.<br /> Berkovitz was in the county jail in lieu of $2 million bail.
Hennepin County Attorney Amy Klobuchar said prosecutors would bring the case
before a grand jury within two weeks.<br /> Joseph-Kordell died a few hours
later from her injuries. Hendrickson was in satisfactory condition Wednesday at
Hennepin County Medical Center, with a bullet still lodged in his neck, but
family members said he was expected to recover fully.<br /> The Smith &
Wesson .38-caliber revolver was manufactured sometime between 1890 and 1910, and
held five bullets, said Sheriff Patrick McGowan. Berkovitz told a deputy that
she bought it at a gun show last summer, McGowan said.<br /> Berkovitz and
Joseph-Kordell had been in a long-running dispute over Berkovitz's father's
estate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.startribune.com/stories/468/4127166.html" target="_blank">Minneapolis Star Tribune </a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">SEE: <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/mn3/deadbydiabetes2/HENprofile.html" target="_blank">PROFILE of
Hendrickson</a></span></td></tr>
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Anonymous, Non profit support group and Alliance™. RESOURCES • RESEARCH •
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</span><br />Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-51165064618544033842012-12-14T12:32:00.001-08:002012-12-14T12:32:24.793-08:00Mattson Ridge, LLC v. Clear Rock Tile, LLP_MNSupA10-1483<a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2012/a10-1483.html#.UMuMMqWmtl8.blogger">Mattson Ridge, LLC v. Clear Rock Tile, LLP :: December, 2012 :: Minnesota Supreme Court Decisions :: Minnesota Case Law :: US Case Law :: US Law</a><a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2012/a10-1483.html#.UMuMMqWmtl8.blogger"> :: Justia</a><br />
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<div class="summary-box"><strong><a href="http://daily.justia.com/">Justia.com Opinion Summary:</a><a href="http://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2012/a10-1483.html#.UMuMMqWmtl8.blogger"></a></strong> Policyholder obtained a title insurance policy from Insurer for a parcel of property it owned. Because an ambiguity in the legal description of the property prevented Policyholder from reselling the property, Policyholder filed an action seeking a declaration of Insurer's obligations under the policy and alleging breach of contract against Insurer. The district court held in favor of Policyholder, concluding that Insurer was liable because the title to the property was unmarketable. The court, however, limited Policyholder's recovery to the face value of the policy. The court of appeals affirmed the finding of liability but held that Policyholder was entitled to recovery in excess of the policy limit. The Supreme Court (1) affirmed the district court's grant of partial summary judgment to Policyholder on the question of Insurer's liability for its failure to defend and indemnify Policyholder; but (2) reversed the court of appeals' award of damages to Policyholder in excess of the policy limit and remanded for reinstatement of the district court's award of damages. <br />
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<a href="http://statecasefiles.justia.com/documents/minnesota/supreme-court/a10-1483.pdf?ts=1355418438" style="display: block;" target="_blank">Download as PDF</a>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-60752314492767059132012-11-24T10:31:00.000-08:002012-11-24T10:31:27.247-08:00Kevin vs. MNDHS_MSOP_GuyGreene_Committments 11cv-3659JudgeDavis<a href="http://kstp.com/kstpImages/repository/cs/files/LAWSUIT.pdf">http://kstp.com/kstpImages/repository/cs/files/LAWSUIT.pdf</a><br />
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<a aobi="2" class="l" href="http://kstp.com/news/stories/S2842911.shtml?cat=1"><span style="color: #660099;">EXCLUSIVE: Inside Moose Lake, Where Sex Offender Vows to 'Sue <b>...</b></span></a></h3>
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<span class="st"><span class="f"><span style="color: #666666;">2 days ago – </span></span>I want to be a productive member of society," <strong>Greene</strong> said during an <b>...</b> The MSOP sex offenders are part of a federal <strong>lawsuit</strong> that has been <b>...</b> Anne Barry, deputy commissioner at the <strong>Minnesota</strong> Department of <b>...</b> <strong>Man</strong> Pleads Not Guilty to Killing, Cooking Wife · Cyprus 'Very Close' to Signing Bailout Deal <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a aobi="3" class="l" href="http://forums.officer.com/printthread.php?t=182716&page=1"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Minnesota Sex Offender Civil Commitment</span></a></h3>
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<span style="color: #009933;"><cite>forums.officer.com/printthread.php?t=182716&page=1</cite><span class="vshid"></span></span><span class="pplsrsl" data-ci="srslc_2" data-desc="Minnesota Sex Offender Civil Commitment ... of the class-action lawsuit that forced the recommendations vows to ... "I have remorse, I'm sorry for what I did, I' m sorry I grew up as a hateful person," explained Guy Greene, a 41 ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_2" data-title="Minnesota Sex Offender Civil Commitment" data-url="http://forums.officer.com/printthread.php?t=182716&page=1" data-ved="0CEIQ5hkwAg" data-vli="srslcl_2" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_2" jsaction="srl.s" role="button"><span style="color: #aaaaaa;">Share</span></span>
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<span class="st"><span class="f"><span style="color: #666666;">1 day ago – </span></span><strong>Minnesota</strong> Sex Offender Civil Commitment <b>...</b> of the class-action <strong>lawsuit</strong> that forced the recommendations vows to <b>...</b> "I have remorse, I'm sorry for what I did, I' m sorry I grew up as a hateful person," explained <strong>Guy Greene</strong>, a 41 <b>...</b></span></div>
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<a aobi="4" class="l" href="http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0:2012cv00181/124312/7"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Document 7 :: Gates v. Swanson et al :: 0:2012cv00181 :: Minnesota <b>...</b></span></a></h3>
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<cite><span style="color: #009933;">law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/<b>minnesota</b>/.../0.../7</span></cite><span class="vshid"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:SlCPq2KlXeoJ:law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0:2012cv00181/124312/7+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">Cached</a></span><span class="pplsrsl" data-ci="srslc_3" data-desc="The Clerk of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota is respectfully directed to provide a copy of this Order, via United States mail, to every ..." data-slg="webres" data-sli="srsl_3" data-title="Document 7 :: Gates v. Swanson et al :: 0:2012cv00181 :: Minnesota ..." data-url="http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0:2012cv00181/124312/7" data-ved="0CEoQ5hkwAw" data-vli="srslcl_3" href="javascript:void(0)" id="srsl_3" jsaction="srl.s" role="button"><span style="color: #aaaaaa;">Share</span></span>
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<span class="st">The Clerk of the United States District Court for the District of <strong>Minnesota</strong> is respectfully directed to provide a copy of this Order, via United States mail, to every <b>...</b></span></div>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-92037516016109634752012-10-08T16:18:00.001-07:002012-10-08T16:18:53.546-07:00Bill Dahn, Leslie Davis, Jesse Ventura<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/WtNB-Py5Tk8?fs=1" width="480"></iframe>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-15513038968106986232012-10-08T16:02:00.001-07:002012-10-08T16:02:58.141-07:00Bill Dahn on BlogTalkRadio - 10-4-2012<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ny_ErRrQvdo?fs=1" width="480"></iframe>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-50674962104917924562012-09-23T10:03:00.001-07:002012-09-23T10:27:02.504-07:00LivingWordBibleCamp vs. CountyItascaA12-0281_SharonsBuckLake<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrcqOPcerflJ215XQjbEEuuhcubX0dMHWNrdN-N4nACrV0JIb0Ea-a3PtrT20Ec077WepLRjj-QmfsLGd31lq9wGyX3FnrJ8DCNPemiBFiMbGXlrmN1-t0mnlKXt88kVM1yyELhgrlZGo/s1600/JR&Shar(Homeless)1989BerniceMemoralization_011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hea="true" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrcqOPcerflJ215XQjbEEuuhcubX0dMHWNrdN-N4nACrV0JIb0Ea-a3PtrT20Ec077WepLRjj-QmfsLGd31lq9wGyX3FnrJ8DCNPemiBFiMbGXlrmN1-t0mnlKXt88kVM1yyELhgrlZGo/s320/JR&Shar(Homeless)1989BerniceMemoralization_011.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<strong>15823Hy55BuckLake,Nashwauk</strong><br />
<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa120281-091712.pdf">http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa120281-091712.pdf</a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Iy8055eVD4ESi_J7keCFp6xhykG0JNLI52uf0rTOC7AqAW7pEtmWXIwGQZk7sQ47mcz4bT5GjsEY-U7jNYh29xW8w54z6p9D5NxUnMlNnTULEt5aB_AnfSVBoWL4g8t0lYpqfMVFNY0/s1600/JR&Shar(Homeless)1989BerniceMemoralization+002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" hea="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Iy8055eVD4ESi_J7keCFp6xhykG0JNLI52uf0rTOC7AqAW7pEtmWXIwGQZk7sQ47mcz4bT5GjsEY-U7jNYh29xW8w54z6p9D5NxUnMlNnTULEt5aB_AnfSVBoWL4g8t0lYpqfMVFNY0/s1600/JR&Shar(Homeless)1989BerniceMemoralization+002.jpg" /></a><strong><a href="http://www.sharonvbarbarmstrong.blogspot.com/">www.sharonvbarbarmstrong.blogspot.com</a> similar "takings" <a href="http://www.sharonvaitkin.blogspot.com/">www.sharonvaitkin.blogspot.com</a> 42741-321stpl(GunLake)Aitkin,MN <a href="http://www.taxthemax.blogspot.com/">www.taxthemax.blogspot.com</a> 1058 Summit Ave St.Paul, 325No.Wilder 6 unit,2194 Marshall duplex,448 Desnoyer currently 697 Surrey Ave.St.Paul,MN 55106 ALL TAKEN WITHOUT QUIET TITLES ON THE GRAVES OF OUT HERITAGE. </strong></div>
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8. <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa120281-091712.pdf">A12-0281</a><br /> Living Word Bible Camp, Respondent, vs. County of Itasca, Respondent;<br /> Pamela J. Brown, et al., intervenors, Appellants.<br /> Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded; motion denied. Judge Terri J.<br /> Stoneburner.<br /> Itasca County District Court, Hon. Jon A. Maturi.<br /><br /><br />
19. <a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa111755-091712.pdf">A11-1755</a><br /> State of Minnesota, Respondent, vs. Daniel Thomas Infante, Appellant.<br /> Affirmed. Judge Kevin G. Ross.<br /> Itasca County District Court, Hon. John Hawkinson.<br />
MN Judge's Jon Maturi ,John Hawkins_BAD BEHAVIOR,Heinous,Repugnant Discrimination against Sharon and Decedant Jim Anderson 1997 for Judicial Greed, Exploiting Disabled Silver Star Marine triggering JR's Murder 21Sept2000, from Jim Anderson's 1 year Committment to Brainard State Hospital,<br />
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<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa120281-091712.pdf">http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/coa/current/opa120281-091712.pdf</a></div>
<br />
<strong>This opinion will be unpublished and</strong><br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>may not be cited except as provided by</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2010).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>STATE OF MINNESOTA</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>IN COURT OF APPEALS</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>A12-0281</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Living Word Bible Camp,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Respondent,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>vs.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>County of Itasca,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Respondent,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Pamela J. Brown, et al., intervenors,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Filed September 17, 2012</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded; motion denied</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Stoneburner, Judge</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Itasca County District Court</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>File No. 31-CV-10-885</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>G. Craig Howse, Jeffrey C. Thompson, Jacob R. Grassel, Howse & Thompson, P.A.,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Plymouth, Minnesota (for respondent Living Word Bible Camp)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Michael J. Ford, Cally R. Kjellberg, Quinlivan & Hughes, P.A., St. Cloud, Minnesota</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(for respondent Itasca County)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>James P. Peters, Law Offices of James P. Peters, PLLC, Glenwood, Minnesota (for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appellants)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Considered and decided by Stoneburner, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Connolly, Judge.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>2</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>STONEBURNER, Judge</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants, owners of land adjacent to a planned development on a lake, sought to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervene in a declaratory-judgment action brought by respondent developer to challenge</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the decision of respondent county requiring an environmental-impact statement (EIS) for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>respondent’s planned lakeshore development. The district court denied the motion to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervene, reversed the county’s EIS determination, remanded the matter for the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>preparation of a new environmental-assessment worksheet (EAW), and sua sponte</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>enjoined the participation of one commissioner in further proceedings on the project.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants challenge the district court’s orders, arguing that, as affected neighboring</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>landowners, they have a right to intervene and have standing in this appeal to challenge</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the district court’s ruling on the merits. Because we conclude that appellants have a right</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to intervene, we reverse the denial of the intervention motion and recognize appellants’</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>standing to challenge the district court’s rulings on the merits. Because we conclude that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the district court did not err in concluding that a commissioner’s bias made the county’s</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>decision on the EIS arbitrary and capricious, we affirm the district court’s reversal of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EIS decision and remand for a new EAW process in which the biased commissioner shall</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>not participate.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>FACTS</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>This is the fourth time that this court has addressed disputes related to respondent</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Itasca County’s handling of a proposal by respondent Living Word Bible Camp (LWBC)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to build a camp on the shores of Deer Lake. Most recently, we reversed the decision of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>3</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>county board of commissioners (board) granting a conditional-use permit (CUP) and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>planned-unit-development permit (PUD) for the project based on the board’s decision, in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>its capacity as the responsible governmental unit (RGU), that an EAW was not necessary.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>We remanded to the board for completion of an EAW. Applications of LWBC, 2008 WL</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>2245708, at *1 (Minn. App. June 3, 2008).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The EAW</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>On remand from this court, the board retained the consulting firm of Widseth,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Smith, Nolting & Associates, Inc. (WSN) to assist with preparation of the EAW. WSN</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>assigned environmental scientist Brian Ross to work on the EAW. The board forwarded</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>all of the comments it had received in relation to its prior EAW determination to Ross.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC submitted data in the form of a draft EAW to Ross, and Ross prepared and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>submitted a draft EAW to the county.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Commissioner Catherine McLynn, who represents a district encompassing</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC’s land, believed that the draft EAW submitted by Ross was incomplete and in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>some respects inaccurate. McLynn discussed her beliefs with staff and sent emails</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>summarizing her views to staff, fellow commissioner Karen Burthwick, and Ross.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn made several suggestions for changes to the draft EAW and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>criticized Ross’s failure to include or respond to letters and statements previously</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>submitted to the county by parties opposed to the LWBC project. McLynn objected to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>including conclusory statements in the EAW.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Ross responded to McLynn’ s concerns, editing the EAW in many respects, but</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>also advising her that some of her proposals were not supported by the record and noting</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>4</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that the EAW form calls for conclusory statements in some respects by asking for an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>opinion about effects and impacts.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn submitted a request for board action (RBA) to return the draft EAW to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Ross for revisions. The board met and passed McLynn’s RBA. The board also</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>scheduled a hearing for December 7, 2009, to approve the EAW for distribution.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Four days before the scheduled hearing, Ross sent a new draft of the EAW to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn, advising her that he had made “small revisions” based on comments received</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>from LWBC’s attorney. McLynn responded by email, asserting that there were</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“significant revisions so it will be impossible for the board to approve on Mon[day] a</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>document that has been revised significantly from the copy we were given.” She also</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>wrote that she was “very disappointed in the revised draft.” She asserted that,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>[a]ccording to the EQB Guidelines and state law, this</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>document is THE COUNTY’S assessment of the project, not</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the proposer’s. You are working for us in preparing the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>document. You were directed by the board to revise the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>document after reviewing specifically identified documents</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>ON FILE with the county. And yet, the drafts you sent us are</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>full of conclusionary [sic] statements that are NOT</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appropriate in the EAW and are in substantial conflict with</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>what the county already has on file as far as knowledge of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>project and impact on the environment. Please delete or</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>revise ALL conclusionary statements and stick to known</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>facts. Did you review and would you please refer and include</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>as appendices the limnology and fish and wildlife reports on</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>file . . . ?</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(Emphasis in original.) McLynn further stated that “[t]he EAW is full of references to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>promises, indications, expectations and proposed conditions NONE of which are in force</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>as mitigation measures YET.” (Emphasis in original.)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>5</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Before the December 7 meeting, McLynn sent a memorandum to the board titled,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“Accuracy and completeness of EAW for LWBC.” The memo contained three pages of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn’s recommendations for amendments, including the addition, as appendices, of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the materials received by the county from individuals opposed to the project, some of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>which were not supported by the data. She also proposed deleting from the draft EAW</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>numerous statements concluding that the project will not impact or significantly impact</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>certain resources and, in some cases, replacing those statements with statements that the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>project will or may impact certain resources.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>At the December 7 meeting, Ross spoke to the board addressing and objecting to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>several of McLynn’s proposals and stating that the conclusions in the draft EAW</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>reflected his professional opinions based on the reports that had been commissioned from</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>a limnologist and an engineer.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn asserted during the meeting that her proposed changes were her attempt</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to make the EAW more neutral. But Ross pointed out that some of McLynn’s proposed</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>language was itself conclusory. Ross and McLynn explained their respective positions</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>and McLynn moved to approve the EAW with the amendments contained in her memo,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>with certain corrections. Four of the five county commissioners were present at the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>December 7 meeting. Two commissioners expressed an interest in accepting Ross’s draft</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EAW as written. But a third commissioner supported McLynn, and the commissioners</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>were deadlocked 2-2. Ross then proposed to make all but one of McLynn’s amendments</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to the draft EAW, and McLynn agreed to drop that amendment and not to add anything to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the appendices. McLynn moved for approval of that compromise. After that motion</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>6</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>failed, Ross reviewed and discussed with the commissioners specific changes that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>concerned him. Ross eventually agreed to remove much of the conclusory language.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The board passed a motion, over McLynn’s “no” vote, to exclude the language that Ross</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>agreed to remove and to exclude the amendment and additional appendices that McLynn</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>had previously agreed to. The board then approved the EAW for distribution, again over</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn’s “no” vote.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The EAW was submitted to the Environmental Quality Board (EQB) and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>published in the EQB Monitor, which started a 30-day public-comment period. The</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>county received approximately 50 written comments and/or data submittals during the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>public-comment period, from supporters and opponents of the project, and from state</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>agencies and other experts who advocated further study of the environmental impacts of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the project. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) submitted a 12-</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>page letter, identifying shortcomings of the EAW and concluding that “[t]here is a need</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to further describe various environmental effects from the project and identify specific</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>mitigation measures that could be included as requirements of project permitting to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>minimize negative environmental effects.”</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The EIS vote</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>On February 23, 2010, the board met and voted to issue a positive declaration</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>requiring an EIS for the project. In contrast to the lengthy discussion about the EAW, the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>record discussion on the EIS determination is brief. As part of his contractual duties,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Ross prepared and presented to the board a resolution for a positive declaration with</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>supporting findings. McLynn and two other commissioners proposed edits to the draft</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>7</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>findings. Some of McLynn’s edits were to correct misstatements. But, as with the EAW,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn also proposed to delete a number of “no-impact” and “mitigation” statements in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Ross’s draft findings. McLynn also asked for her own findings to be appended to those</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>drafted by Ross. After additional discussion, the chairperson called for any other</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>comments regarding the findings and positive declaration, and hearing none, stated that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>she was most persuaded by the 12-page letter from the DNR, stating that there is potential</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>for significant environmental impact. No other commissioner expressed a specific reason</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>for voting for the positive declaration, but, as the district court later noted,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“Commissioner Burthwick proposed significant substantive findings of fact in support of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>her vote and her findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record.” The board</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>voted three-to-one to require an EIS and to adopt the draft findings with the amendments</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>proposed by McLynn, Burthwick, and the chairperson.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>District court proceedings</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC brought a declaratory-judgment action in district court, seeking a</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>declaration that the county’s decision to require an EIS was arbitrary and capricious.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC moved for summary judgment, submitting affidavits and an extensive expert</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>report by Westwood Professional Services (the Westwood report) critiquing the EAW</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>process and, particularly, McLynn’s role in that process. The Westwood report had not</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>been presented to the board. Appellants noticed their intent to intervene in the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>declaratory-judgment action as a matter of right.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>After a hearing on the motions, the district court issued an order on July 25, 2010,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>denying, in relevant part, appellants’ motion to intervene, holding that as a matter of law</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>8</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn’s actions reflected partiality and were improper such that her vote should be</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>excluded, and ordering an evidentiary hearing to determine whether McLynn’s “partiality</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>and improper actions” rendered the board’s resulting two-to-one positive declaration for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>an EIS arbitrary and capricious.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The district court based its decision on McLynn’s conduct in the course of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EAW and EIS proceedings, explaining that “all of the changes McLynn sought and had</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>made to the EAW, other than typographical changes (affect v. effect, for example)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>changed statements that were more favorable to LWBC’s position into statements that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>were either facially neutral or more favorable to those opposed to LWBC’s position.”</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The district court also identified facts outside of the EAW and EIS proceedings</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>supporting its determination that McLynn had acted partially. The district court, noting</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that because the record before it could support either a positive or negative declaration for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>an EIS, stated “it is impossible to speculate as to what the result would have been absent</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Commissioner McLynn’s partiality and improper conduct.”</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Both LWBC and the county moved for amended findings, and appellants sought</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>reconsideration of the denial of their notice to intervene. On December 15, 2010, the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>district court issued conclusions of law, concluding that, even without reference to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>matters outside of the record, the record supported the district court’s finding that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Commissioner McLynn acted arbitrarily and capriciously by voting for a positive</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>declaration for an EIS and that her vote should not count. The district court also</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>concluded that it had erred by upholding the positive declaration based on only two votes</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>because it now understood that the board cannot pass any resolution unless a majority of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>9</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the five board members vote in favor of the resolution. The district court again</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>concluded that the record could support either a positive or negative declaration for an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EIS and that “[b]ecause Commissioner McLynn’s actions and involvement may have</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>affected the whole EAW process and the extent of her improper influence cannot be</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>determined, it is necessary that the EAW process be completed anew.” The district court,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>in relevant part, cancelled the previously ordered evidentiary hearing on whether</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn’s actions made the board’s EIS decision arbitrary and capricious and remanded</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the matter to the county to conduct a new EAW process with a recommendation that the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>matter be referred to a different RGU if possible. Sua sponte, the district court enjoined</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>McLynn’s participation in further proceedings involving LWBC’s proposal. The district</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>court denied appellants’ motion for reconsideration of the motion to intervene, stating</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that the county had appropriately represented their interests and that they could</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>participate in the further proceedings before the board.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>This appeal</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The county did not appeal the district court’s order and subsequently requested</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that the EQB appoint a different RGU.1 Appellants filed this appeal, challenging the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>district court’s denial of their notice to intervene and the district court’s reversal of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>county’s positive EIS declaration. LWBC moved to dismiss the appeal, arguing that the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appeal is untimely and that appellants do not have standing to appeal. A special-term</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>panel of this court denied the motion, reasoning that the appeal is timely; that appellants</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>1 The EQB addressed the request to reassign the matter at its June 18, 2012 meeting and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>voted to table the matter until this court issues a ruling.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>10</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>have standing to challenge the intervention denial; and that the panel assigned to address</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the merits of the appeal would be in a better position to determine whether appellants</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>have standing to challenge the merits of the district court’s decision. LWBC has moved</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>to strike three statements in appellants’ brief on appeal.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>D E C I S I O N</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Motion to strike denied</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC’s motion to strike three statements from appellants’ brief on appeal asserts</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that the objected-to statements would mislead this court to believe that consultant Ross</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>was hired by LWBC rather than the county. But the record is clear that Ross was hired</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>by the county. The record reflects that LWBC also used consultants in connection with</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the EAW/EIS proceedings, and the use of consultants by LWBC has no bearing on our</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>decision. The motion to strike is denied as unnecessary.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Intervention</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants assert that the district court erred by denying their motion for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervention as a matter of right under Minn. R. Civ. P. 24.01. This court reviews de</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>novo an order denying intervention as a matter of right. Star Tribune v. Minn. Twins</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>P’ship, 659 N.W.2d 287, 299 (Minn. App. 2003).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>We have articulated four criteria that, when satisfied, compel a court to grant</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervention: (1) a timely application by (2) someone with an interest in the property or</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>transaction underlying the action; (3) circumstances under which the disposition of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>action will impair or impede the applicant’s ability to protect that interest; and (4) a lack</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>of adequate representation by those who are already parties to the action. Star Tribune,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>11</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>659 N.W.2d at 299. “Minnesota courts are to follow a policy of encouraging all</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>legitimate interventions.” Jerome Faribo Farms, Inc. v. Cnty. of Dodge, 464 N.W.2d</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>568, 570 (Minn. App. 1990), review denied (Minn. Mar. 15, 1991).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Both LWBC and the district court acknowledge that appellants have interests that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>will be impacted by this litigation. Their implicated interests include both preserving the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>value of their properties and protecting the environment. See id., at 571 (recognizing</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>neighboring landowners’ interest in protecting value of their real property). But LWBC</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>asserts that this court should affirm the district court’s denial of intervention, arguing that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appellants did not timely intervene, and that, contrary to the county’s assertion that it</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>does not adequately represent all of appellants’ interests, the county adequately represents</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appellants’ interests.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“The determination of whether intervention is timely must be considered on a</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>case-by-case basis.” State Fund Mut. Ins. Co. v. Mead, 691 N.W.2d 495, 501 (Minn.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>App. 2005). “Timeliness of an application depends on factors such as how far the suit</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>has progressed, the reason for the delay in seeking intervention, and any prejudice to the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>existing parties because of the delay.” Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Rhode Island v. Flam,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>509 N.W.2d 393, 396 (Minn. App. 1993), review denied (Minn. Feb. 24, 1994). But</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>posttrial intervention is disfavored. Id. Appellants noticed their intervention during</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>summary-judgment briefing and sought no changes to the scheduling orders.2 LWBC</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>does not assert any prejudice resulting from the delay, and we conclude that, under the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>circumstances of this action, appellants timely sought intervention.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>2 The court’s scheduling orders did not include a deadline for joining additional parties.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>12</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>With respect to the fourth criteria, appellants “carry the minimal burden of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>showing that the existing parties may not adequately represent their interests.” Faribo</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Farms, 464 N.W.2d at 570 (quotations omitted).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>[I]f [the applicant’s] interest is similar to, but not identical</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>with, that of one of the parties, a discriminating judgment is</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>required on the circumstances of the particular case, but [the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>applicant] ordinarily should be allowed to intervene unless it</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>is clear that the party will provide adequate representation for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the [applicant].</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Costley v. Caromin House, Inc., 313 N.W.2d 21, 28 (Minn. 1981) (quotation omitted).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The district court reasoned that appellants’ interests would be adequately represented</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>even if the county chose not to appeal the EIS determination because appellants can</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>participate in the new EAW determination. But this analysis disregards the remedy</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>sought by appellants at the district court. The remedy sought by appellants was</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>affirmance of the county’s decision to require an EIS. Moreover, “[t]he fact that an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervenor may have another remedy does not preclude intervention.” Avery v. Campbell,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>279 Minn. 383, 389, 157 N.W.2d 42, 46 (1968).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC asserts that appellants face a heightened burden in seeking to intervene in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>an action already defended by a government entity, citing a parens patriae doctrine that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>has been applied by the federal courts. See, e.g., Mausolf v. Babbitt, 85 F.3d 1295, 1303</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(8th Cir. 1996) (explaining that “when one of the parties is an arm or agency of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>government, and the case concerns a matter of sovereign interest, the bar is raised,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>because in such cases the government is presumed to represent the interests of all its</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>citizens”) (quotations and alterations omitted). LWBC does not assert that either the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>13</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Minnesota Supreme Court or this court has adopted this doctrine. And even if the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>doctrine applied, we conclude that it should not bar intervention under the facts of this</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>case.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The Eighth Circuit has recognized that the doctrine does not bar intervention in all</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>cases involving the government. Id. The court has explained that, “when the proposed</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervenors’ concern is not a matter of ‘sovereign interest,’ there is no reason to think the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>government will represent it.” Id. (citing Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians v. State of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Minn., 989 F.2d 994, 1001 (8th Cir. 1993); United States v. Union Elec. Co., 64 F.3d</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>1152, 1170 (8th Cir. 1995)). Put another way, if the interests of the putative intervenors</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>are narrower than, and cannot be subsumed into, the government entities’ interests, then</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the presumption of adequate representation does not arise. Mille Lacs Band, 989 F.2d at</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>1000.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>In Mille Lacs Band, the Eighth Circuit applied this analysis to a dispute over tribal</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>hunting and fishing rights and concluded that both a group of Minnesota counties and a</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>group of individual landowners had interests in the litigation that were not subsumed by</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>those of the State of Minnesota. Id. at 1000-01. With respect to the landowners, the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>court focused on the landowners’ property values, which might be affected by diminished</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>fish and game stocks if tribal rights were recognized, explaining that their “interests are</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>narrower and more parochial interests than the sovereign interest the state asserts in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>protecting fish and game.” Id. at 1001. The court concluded: Because the counties and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the landowners seek to protect local and individual interests not shared by the general</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>citizenry of Minnesota, no presumption of adequate representation arises. The proposed</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>14</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervenors need only carry a minimal burden of showing inadequate representation. Id.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>And the court went on to explain that the minimal burden was met by the potential for</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>conflict among the parties’ positions:</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Although the Band notes that the counties’ and landowners’</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>proposed answers are almost identical to the answer filed by</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the state, there is no assurance that the state will continue to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>support all the positions taken in its initial pleading.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Moreover, if the case is disposed of by settlement rather than</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>by litigation, what the state perceives as being in its interest</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>may diverge substantially from the counties’ and the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>landowners’ interests. For example, although the state’s</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>interest in natural resources may lead it to seek no more than</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>that endangered species are protected and that wildlife stocks</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>are preserved at certain levels, the counties and the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>landowners will be more concerned with ensuring that any</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>settlement does not impair their property values. A potential</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>conflict of this sort is sufficient to satisfy the proposed</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervenors’ minimal burden of showing that representation of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>their interests by the existing parties may be inadequate.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Id. The intervenors’ interests in this case are comparable to those in Mille Lacs Band,</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>and for similar reasons, the parens patriae doctrine should not apply. We conclude that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appellants have met their minimal burden of demonstrating that the county does not</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>adequately protect their interests in this action.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Because appellants have met the criteria for intervention, we conclude that the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>district court erred by denying intervention. Despite the district court’s ultimate denial of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervention, however, appellants were able to participate to some extent in the district</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>court proceedings and are not seeking a remand for further proceedings in district court.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Rather, at this stage of the proceedings, appellants seek intervention only to appeal the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>15</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>district court’s orders on the merits. We conclude that appellants have the right to</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>intervene and therefore have standing to appeal the district court’s orders on the merits.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Challenges to merits of district court’s order</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Both appellants and the county challenge the district court’s reversal of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>county’s determination that an EIS is required, arguing that McLynn’s participation did</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>not render the decision arbitrary and capricious, and challenging the district court’s</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>restrictions on McLynn’s participation in future proceedings.3 In preparing an EAW, an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“RGU applies certain criteria laid out in Minn. R. 4410.1700, subp. 7, to determine</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>whether the project has potential for significant environmental effects.” Citizens</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Advocating Responsible Dev. v. Kandiyohi Cnty. Bd. of Comm’rs, 713 N.W.2d 817, 824</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(Minn. 2006) (quotation omitted). “If, after reviewing the EAW, the RGU decides that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the project does have the potential for significant environmental effects, the RGU is</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>required to issue a ‘positive declaration’ indicating that an EIS must be completed.” Id.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(citing Minn. R. 4410.1700, subps. 1, 3).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>This court reviews a county’s positive declaration for an EIS “independently</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>without according any special deference to the same review conducted by the district</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>court.” Id. at 832. But we defer to the county, limiting our role to determining whether</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the county took a “hard look at the problems involved, and whether it has genuinely</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>3 The county does not appeal the district court’s decision but, without objection from</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC, challenges the district court’s decision on the merits both in briefing and at oral</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>argument. The county concedes that it takes no position contrary to appellants. Because</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>we conclude that the county’s failure to appeal precludes consideration of its arguments</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>on the merits, we address only the arguments of appellants. But we note that the county’s</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>position that it does not represent all of the interests of the intervenors.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>16</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>engaged in reasoned decision-making.” Id. Nevertheless, a reviewing court should</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>reverse the county’s positive declaration if it reflects an error of law, is arbitrary and</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>capricious, or unsupported by substantial evidence. Id.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>LWBC argues, and the district court found, that the board’s decision to require an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EIS was arbitrary and capricious because McLynn failed to approach the decision</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>impartially. A decision is arbitrary and capricious if, among other things, it reflects the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>decisionmaker’s will rather than its judgment and if it considered facts not intended by</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>the legislature. In re Valley Branch Watershed Dist., 781 N.W.2d 417, 423 (Minn. App.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>2010); see also Chanhassen Chiropractic Ctr., P.A. v. City of Chanhassen, 663 N.W.2d</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>559, 562 (Minn. App. 2003) (recognizing that “constitutional due process protections</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>include the right to an impartial decisionmaker” (quotation omitted)).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>The record in this case supports the district court’s finding that McLynn’s actions</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>reflect partiality that affected the decisionmaking process, making the board’s decision</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>arbitrary and capricious. McLynn’s comments and proposed edits to the EAW</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>demonstrate that she failed to approach the EAW process with the neutrality required in</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>this quasi-judicial matter. McLynn approached the EAW/EIS process in a biased manner</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>from the beginning. She accepted as fact the assertions of project opponents in their</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>submissions to the board. And she uniformly rejected any contrary opinions reached by</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>experts engaged to assist the county in preparing the EAW and by Ross, the consultant</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>assigned by WSN to exercise independent judgment and expertise in assisting the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>county’s preparation of the EAW. The record supports the finding that McLynn’s</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>17</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>conduct demonstrated bias and that her ability to alter the EAW to reflect her bias</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>rendered the decisionmaking process arbitrary and capricious.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants assert that McLynn’s conduct was proper because an RGU is</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>“responsible for the completeness and accuracy of all information” in an EAW. Minn. R.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>4410.1400 (2011). Plainly, the RGU must independently evaluate the statements</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>proposed to be included in an EAW. But, as the district court found, McLynn’s conduct</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>in this case does not reflect an independent evaluation of the EAW draft. McLynn</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>insisted on and obtained input from opponents of the project in shaping the conclusions</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>contained in the EAW even before the draft was released for public comment, and she</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>was adamant in changing conclusory statements in the EAW to reflect the bias of project</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>opponents.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Appellants also assert that this court should affirm the county’s decision because</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>there is sufficient evidence in the record to support a positive declaration requiring an</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>EIS. The district court found that the EAW as approved could support either a positive or</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>a negative declaration, and that, without McLynn’s vote, there was not the majority vote</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>required in order for the board to issue the positive declaration. We agree that, on this</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>record, the district court’s decision to remand for a new EAW, drafted without input from</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>a biased decisionmaker, is the appropriate remedy. See Krummenacher v. City of</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Minnetonka, 783 N.W.2d 721, 732-33 (Minn. 2010) (explaining that remand is the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>appropriate remedy if the same decision under an appropriate standard would not</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>necessarily be arbitrary).</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>18</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>We also agree with the district court that further proceedings before the board</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>should be conducted without McLynn’s participation. See Cinderella Career &</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Finishing Schs., Inc. v. Federal Trade Comm’n, 425 F.2d 583, 592 (D.C. Cir. 1970)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(remanding for the commission’s reconsideration of the issue without participation of the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>commissioner who had prejudged facts); Texaco, Inc. v. Federal Trade Comm’n, 336</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>F.2d 754, 760 (D.C. Cir. 1964) (stating that when partiality of a commissioner is the only</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>infirmity, the appropriate remedy is remand for reconsideration without that</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>commissioner), vacated and remanded on other grounds, 381 U.S. 739, 85 S. Ct. 1798</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(1965); Prin v. Council of Monroeville, 645 A.2d 450, 452 (Comm. Ct. Pa. 1994)</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>(remanding zoning decision for reconsideration without participation of the councilman</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>who had advocated against the proposed project in his district).4</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded; motion denied.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>4 This issue may be rendered moot if the EQB does not reappoint the county board as the</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>RGU. SHARONS MEMORA</strong><strong>NDUMN MINNESOTA JUDGES "TAKING" HOMESTEAD PROPERTYS ON DISABLED FAMILYS IS BIZZARE, THESE JUDGES MUST BE REMOVED FROM THEIR OFFICE OF PUBLIC TRUST.</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
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Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-26761961462946753792012-05-31T02:20:00.001-07:002012-05-31T02:20:07.832-07:00JURIST - Paper Chase: Minnesota high court rules for tobacco company on 'light' cigarettes<a href="http://jurist.org/paperchase/2012/05/minnesota-high-court-rules-for-tobacco-company-on-light-cigarettes.php">JURIST - Paper Chase: Minnesota high court rules for tobacco company on 'light' cigarettes</a>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-61035116505097153782011-12-04T09:48:00.000-08:002011-12-04T09:53:16.021-08:00Quo Warranto_Dismissed A11-1222 Limmer vs.LoriSwanson,MarkDayton,Jim Showalter Judge Kathleen R. Gearin et al<a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/0/Public/Clerks_Office/SC%20Opinions/ora111222-113011.pdf">http://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/0/Public/Clerks_Office/SC%20Opinions/ora111222-113011.pdf</a><br /><br /><div align="center">OPINIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT<br /><br />FILED WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2011<br /><br />NOTICE - MEDIA RELEASE TIME IS 10:00 A.M. </div><br /><h4 align="center"></h4><br /><h5 style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">ORDER FILED NOVEMBER 30, 2011</span></strong></h5><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/0/Public/Clerks_Office/SC%20Opinions/ora111222-113011.pdf">A11-1222</a> State Senator Warren L. Limmer, et al., Petitioners, vs. Lori<br />Swanson In her official capacity as Attorney General, Mark<br />Dayton in his official capacity as Governor, Jim Showalter in<br />his official capacity As Commissioner of the Department of<br />Management and Budget, and Kathleen R. Gearin in her<br />official capacity as Chief Judge of the Ramsey County<br />District Court, Respondents; League of Minnesota Cities,<br />et al., Intervenors.<br />Supreme Court.<br /><strong>Petition for writ of quo warranto is dismissed as moot. Chief Justice Lorie S. Gildea.</strong><br /><strong>Concurring, Justices Paul H. Anderson and David R. Stras.</strong><br /><strong>Dissenting, Justice Alan C. Page.</strong></p><br /><p align="center"></p><br /><br /><br /><h5 style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">OPINIONS FILED NOVEMBER 30, 2011</span></h5><br /><h5 style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"></span></h5><br /><p><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA091776-1130.pdf"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">A09-1776</span></a> In re: Individual 35W Bridge Litigation.<br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA091776-1130.pdf">A09-1778</a> <br />Court of Appeals.<br />The 2007 amendments to Minn. Stat. § 541.051 (2010) do not clearly and manifestly express a legislative intent to retroactively revive an action for contribution previously extinguished by the statute of repose before the amendments were effective.<br /><strong>Affirmed. Justice Christopher J. Dietzen.</strong><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA100087-1130.pdf">A10-87</a> In re: Individual 35W Bridge Litigation.<br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA100087-1130.pdf">A10-89</a><br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA100087-1130.pdf">A10-90</a><br /><a href="http://www.mncourts.gov/opinions/sc/current/OPA100087-1130.pdf">A10-91</a><br />Court of Appeals.<br />1. The 2007 amendments to Minn. Stat. § 541.051 (2010) do not clearly and manifestly express a legislative intent to retroactively revive a cause of action previously extinguished by the statute of repose before the amendments were effective. <br />2. The “notwithstanding” clause of the compensation statutes, Minn. Stat. § 3.7394, subd. 5(a) (2010), clearly and manifestly expresses legislative intent to retroactively revive the State’s cause of action for statutory reimbursement that was previously extinguished by the statute of repose in Minn. Stat. § 541.051.<br />3. The reimbursement provision of the compensation statutes, Minn. Stat. § 3.7394, subd. 5(a) (2010), does not violate appellant’s constitutional right to due process by reviving a cause of action for statutory reimbursement previously extinguished by the statute of repose.<br />4. The compensation statutes, Minn. Stat. §§ 3.7391-.7395, do not result in a substantial impairment of the contract between the State and appellant because the State was not contractually obligated to assert sovereign immunity as a defense to the claims of the individual plaintiffs.<br />5. Pursuant to the “notwithstanding” clause of Minn. Stat. § 3.7394, subd. 5(a), the State is not barred by either <em>Pierringer</em> releases or the common law doctrine of voluntary payments from asserting its statutory reimbursement claim against appellant.<br /><strong>Affirmed. Justice Christopher J. Dietzen</strong><br /><strong>Concurring, Chief Justice Lorie S. Gildea.</strong><br /><strong>Concurring, Justice David R. Stras.</strong><br /><br /></p><br /><hr />Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-14601891554787679052011-09-20T06:01:00.000-07:002011-09-20T06:01:41.113-07:00Judge Unseals Video of Court Proceedings in Prop 8 Case - Constitutional Law - CourtSide<a href="http://blogs.findlaw.com/courtside/2011/09/judge-unseals-video-of-court-proceedings-in-prop-8-case.html?DCMP=NWL-cons_breakingdocs">Judge Unseals Video of Court Proceedings in Prop 8 Case - Constitutio</a><a href="http://blogs.findlaw.com/courtside/2011/09/judge-unseals-video-of-court-proceedings-in-prop-8-case.html?DCMP=NWL-cons_breakingdocs">nal Law - CourtSide</a><a title="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/fl.newsletters.dart/toptext;pf="" href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/fl.newsletters.dart/toptext;pf=;iy=;pr=;state=;lname=breakingdocs;sz=480x95;dcove=r;ord=" target="_blank" ord="" sz="480x95;dcove=" state=";lname=" iy=";pr="><img title="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/fl.newsletters.dart/toptext;pf="" border="0" alt="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/fl.newsletters.dart/toptext;pf="" src="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/fl.newsletters.dart/toptext;pf=;iy=;pr=;state=;lname=breakingdocs;sz=480x95;dcove=r;ord=" width="480" height="95" ord="" sz="480x95;dcove=" state=";lname=" iy=";pr=" /></a><a href="http://blogs.findlaw.com/courtside/2011/09/judge-unseals-video-of-court-proceedings-in-prop-8-case.html?DCMP=NWL-cons_breakingdocs"><br /><br /><br /><hr style="WIDTH: 498px"><br /><br /><br /><h2>FEATURED DOCUMENT</h2><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"><br /><tbody><br /><tr><br /><td valign="top"><br /><p><b><a name="breakingdocs_091911_a_1"></a><a title="http://blogs.findlaw.com/courtside/2011/09/judge-unseals-video-of-court-proceedings-in-prop-8-case.html?DCMP="" href="http://blogs.findlaw.com/courtside/2011/09/judge-unseals-video-of-court-proceedings-in-prop-8-case.html?DCMP=NWL-cons_breakingdocs">JUDGE UNSEALS VIDEO OF COURT PROCEEDINGS IN PROP 8 CASE</a></b><br />(FindLaw's Courtside) - A federal judge in San Francisco has ordered the unsealing of digital recordings made of court proceedings in the challenge to Proposition 8, the California ballot measure that created a state constitutional ban on same-sex marriages. The judge issued the order after finding no compelling reason to keep the recordings under seal.<!-- Begin Share Buttons --> <small><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Share:</span></small> <a title="http://linkd.in/orL9JO" href="http://linkd.in/orL9JO"><img style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid; WIDTH: 16px; HEIGHT: 16px; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid" title="http://linkd.in/orL9JO" alt="http://linkd.in/orL9JO" src="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/35083093/buttons/linkedin.gif" /></a> <a title="http://on.fb.me/otXRyz" href="http://on.fb.me/otXRyz"><img style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid; WIDTH: 16px; HEIGHT: 16px; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid" title="http://on.fb.me/otXRyz" alt="http://on.fb.me/otXRyz" src="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/35083093/buttons/facebook.gif" /></a> <a title="http://bit.ly/qtviNx" href="http://bit.ly/qtviNx"><img style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid; WIDTH: 16px; HEIGHT: 16px; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid" title="http://bit.ly/qtviNx" alt="http://bit.ly/qtviNx" src="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/35083093/buttons/twitter.gif" /></a> <a title="mailto:?subject=A post I thought you might be interested in: Judge Unseals Video of Court Proceedings in Prop 8 Case&body=Read the article at FindLaw: http://bit.ly/olYB23" href="mailto:?subject=A%20post%20I%20thought%20you%20might%20be%20interested%20in%3A%20Judge%20Unseals%20Video%20of%20Court%20Proceedings%20in%20Prop%208%20Case&body=Read%20the%20article%20at%20FindLaw:%20http://bit.ly/olYB23"><img style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 0px solid; WIDTH: 26px; HEIGHT: 16px; BORDER-TOP: 0px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px solid" title="mailto:?subject=A post I thought you might be interested in: Judge Unseals Video of Court Proceedings in Prop 8 Case&body=Read the article at FindLaw: http://bit.ly/olYB23" alt="mailto:?subject=A post I thought you might be interested in: Judge Unseals Video of Court Proceedings in Prop 8 Case&body=Read the article at FindLaw: http://bit.ly/olYB23" src="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/35083093/buttons/newemailgradient.gif" /></a> <!-- End Share Buttons --><br /></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></a>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-28063052234279056362011-09-12T06:39:00.000-07:002011-09-12T06:46:03.302-07:00RealEstateDiscrimination 27-cv-26849_TaxCourt<div class="Section1"><span style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /><p>Documents 1 to 1 of 1 <pre></pre><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: right 6.5in" class="MsoHeader"></p><br /><table border="0"><br /><colgroup width="105"><br /><tbody><br /><tr class="RecordTitle"><br /><td class="RecordTitle" valign="top" align="right">1. </td><br /><td><b class="RecordTitle"><a class="RecordTitle" href="http://www.taxcourt.state.mn.us/published%20orders/2011/odunlade%20v%20henn%20co%2008-31-11.doc">27-CV-10-26849</a> </b></td></tr><br /><tr><br /><td valign="top" align="left"></td><br /><td valign="top"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><b><i>Abstract: </i></b>Class action, discrimination, equal protection, due process, motion to dismiss. STATE OF MINNESOTA TAX COURT FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF HENNEPIN REGULAR DIVISION Idowu Odunlade, Jose Llangari and Andrea Kral, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Petitioners, ORDER vs. File No </span></td><br /><p><br /><p></p></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><br /><p><br /><!-- If the index is out of date, display the fact --><br /><p><i>The index is up-to-date.</i><br /><!-- If the query was not executed because it needed to enumerate to resolve the query instead of using the index, but AllowEnumeration was FALSE, let the user know --><!-- If the query took too long to execute (for example, if too much work was required to resolve the query), let the user know --></p><br /><table><!-- This is the "previous" button. This retrieves the previous page of documents for the query. --><!-- This is the "next" button. This button retrieves the next page of documents for the query. --><br /><tbody></tbody></table><!-- Display the page number -->Page 1 of 1<!-- STANDARD TAX COURT FOOTER FOR QUERY PAGES --> <br /><p></p></span></span><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: right 6.5in" class="MsoHeader"><span style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: right 6.5in" class="MsoHeader"><span style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase"><span style="font-family:Arial;">E OF MINNESOTA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>TAX COURT<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: right 6.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt"><br /><p style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; tab-stops: right 6.5in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">COUNTY OF HENNEPIN</span><span style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>REGULAR DIVISION<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed" class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><br /><tbody><br /><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 53.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3.7in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 53.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="355" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">Idowu Odunlade, Jose Llangari and Andrea Kral, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated</span>, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners,</span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 53.45pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">ORDER<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>vs.</span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 63pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" rowspan="2" width="84"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">File No.</span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" rowspan="2" width="199"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes"><span style="font-family:Arial;">27-CV-10-26849</span></span></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 4"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 5"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3.7in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="355" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">City of Minneapolis, City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office, City of Minneapolis Assessor Patrick J. Todd, in his personal capacity, County of Hennepin</span>, Hennepin County Assessor’s Office, Hennepin County Assessor James R. Atchison, in his personal capacity,</span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Dated: August 31, 2011</span></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 108.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="145"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 157.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="210"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents.</span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 2.95in; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="283" colspan="2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt"><br /><p style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in 3.5in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></div><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Honorable Sheryl A. Ramstad, Judge of the Minnesota Tax Court, heard this matter on August 25, 2011, at Courtroom 310, Minneapolis City Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota.</span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in -13.5pt 0pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">David L. Wilson</span>, Attorney at Law, <span style="mso-no-proof: yes">Wilson Law Group</span>, and Michael D. Gavigan, John E. Braun, Jonathon Moore, and Katherine Pasker, Student Attorneys under the Senior Practice Rule, represented Petitioners.</span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Mark Chapin, Deputy County Attorney and Lisa Hahn-Cordes, Assistant Hennepin County Attorney, represented the Respondents Hennepin County, Hennepin County Assessor’s Office, and County Assessor James R. Atchison. Deputy City Attorney Peter Ginder, Assistant City Attorneys James Moore, Amanda Trelstad and Gregory Sautter represented the Respondents City of Minneapolis, the City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office and City of Minneapolis Assessor Patrick J. Todd.</span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Court, upon all of the files, records and proceedings herein, now makes the following:</span></p><br /><h1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;">ORDER</span></u></h1><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">1.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings brought on behalf of the County of Hennepin, Hennepin County Assessor’s Office, and Hennepin County Assessor James R. Atchison is granted with respect to the allegations against them set forth in Counts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">2.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Hennepin County shall be dismissed from this action.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="ListParagraph"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">3.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Motion to Dismiss brought on behalf of the City of Minneapolis, City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office, and City of Minneapolis Assessor Patrick J. Todd is granted with respect to the allegations against them set forth in Counts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 30.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="ListParagraph"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">4.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">The City of Minneapolis shall be dismissed from this action.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">IT IS SO ORDERED. LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A STAY OF FIFTEEN DAYS IS HEREBY ORDERED.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>THIS IS A FINAL ORDER.</span></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed" class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><br /><tbody><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 243.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" rowspan="10" width="325"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><img src="file:///C:/Users/SHARON~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="192" height="193" shapes="_x0000_i1025" /></span></span></p></td><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">BY THE COURT,</span></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 4"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 5"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 6"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 7"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; HEIGHT: 18.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 18.85pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="bottom" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Sheryl A. Ramstad, Judge</span></p></td></tr><br /><tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><br /><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #f0f0f0; BORDER-LEFT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 234.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #f0f0f0; BORDER-RIGHT: #f0f0f0; PADDING-TOP: 0in" valign="top" width="313"><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 3.5in; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">MINNESOTA TAX COURT</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: avoid; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">DATED: August 31, 2011</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Memorandum<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Background<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">Idowu Odunlade, Jose Llangari and Andrea Karl, on behalf of themselves <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">and all others similarly situated</span> (“Petitioners”), filed a Complaint in District Court </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">on November 19, 2010, alleging that City of Minneapolis, City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor’s Office, and City of Minneapolis Assessor Patrick J. Todd (“the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents”) and Hennepin County, Hennepin County Assessor’s Office, and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Hennepin County Assessor James R. Atchison (“the County Respondents”) </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">discriminated against them and others similarly situated in the Camden, Near </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">North Minneapolis, and the Phillips communities in making property tax </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessments. They allege that their property taxes have been unfairly high due </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">to incorrect or inaccurate valuations of their real property. The claims are </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">premised upon their belief that the tax assessment and methodology used by </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">both the City and the County are flawed and resulted in discriminatory </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">treatment. In response, the County Respondents filed a Motion to Transfer the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">case to the Tax Court. The City Respondents also supported that Motion.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">By Order of Hennepin County District Court Judge Joseph R. Klein dated </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">March 4, 2011, the Motion to Transfer to Tax Court was granted. </span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;">The County</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents now brings a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings based upon </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners’ failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, and the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents have filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">pursuant to Minnesota Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 12.02.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Amended Complaint<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In their 75-page Amended Complaint dated December 2, 2010, Petitioners </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">seek relief under both state and federal law for alleged improper assessments </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">of their properties and those of other, as yet unidentified, property owners in their </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">respective neighborhoods. The following paragraphs summarize the 30 counts </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">set forth in Petitioners’ Amended Complaint:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 1 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of the U.S. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Constitution Amendment XIV, Equal Protection Clause by the County Assessor, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">in concert with the City Assessor, in the assessment of residential real property in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 2 </b>alleges a 42 USC <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983 claim against all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents for violating the Equal Protection Clause in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 3 </b>alleges a violation of Minnesota Constitution Art. I, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§§</span> 2 and 16 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">(Minnesota Equal Protection Clause) by all County and City Respondents in the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 4 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges the City violated the U.S. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Constitution, Amendment XIV (procedural due process) in the valuation and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">classification of residential property owners in the City of Minneapolis.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 5 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges the County violated the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV (procedural due process) through the form of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the Truth-in-Taxation Statement issued to residential property owners in the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 6 </b>alleges a 42 USC <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983 claim against the County for violating </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the U.S. Due Process Clause based on the form of the Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statement issued to residential property owners in the City of Minneapolis for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 7 </b>alleges the County violated the Minnesota Constitution Art. 1, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 8 Due Process Clause based upon the form of the Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statement issued to residential property owners in the City of Minneapolis for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 8 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents violated the Minnesota Constitution, Art. X, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1, Uniformity in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Taxation, in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 9 </b>alleges all County and City Respondents violated the Minnesota </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Constitution, Art. X, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1, Uniformity in Taxation, in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 10 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.061, subd. 8 (1) by the County in the assessment of residential real </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 11 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.11 against all County and City Respondents in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 12 </b>alleges a violation of Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.061, subd. 8 (1) by the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">County in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 13 </b>alleges a violation of Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.11 by all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents in the assessment of residential real property in the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2009.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 14 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of the U.S.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Equal Protection Clause by the County Assessor, in concert with the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 15 </b>alleges a 42 USC <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983 claim against all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents for violated the U.S. Equal Protection Clause in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 16 </b>alleges a violation of the MN Equal Protection Clause by all </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">County and City Respondents in the assessment of residential real property in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 17 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges the City violated the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">U.S. Constitution Due Process Clause in the valuation and classification of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 18 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges the County violated the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">U.S. Due Process Clause through the form of the Truth-in-Taxation Statement </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">issued to residential property owners in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 19</b> alleges a 42 USC <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983 claim against the County for violating </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the U.S. Due Process Clause based upon the form of the Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statement issued to residential property owners in the City of Minneapolis for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 20</b> alleges the County violated the Minnesota Due Process Clause </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">based on the form of the Truth-in-Taxation Statement issued to residential </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property owners in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 21 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents violated the Minnesota Constitution, Art. X, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1, Uniformity in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Taxation, in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 22 </b>alleges all County and City Respondents violated the Minnesota </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Constitution, Art. X, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1, Uniformity in Taxation, in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 23 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.061, subd. 8 (1) by the County in the assessment of residential real </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 24</b> seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.11 against all County and City Respondents in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 25 </b>alleges a violation of Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.061, subd. 8 (1) by the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">County in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 26 </b>alleges a violation of Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.11 by all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents in the assessment of residential real property in the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2010.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 27 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of the U.S. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Equal Protection Clause by the County Assessor, in concert with the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor, in the assessment of residential real property in the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2011.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 28 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges all County and City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents violated the Minnesota Constitution, Art. X, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1, Uniformity in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Taxation, in the assessment of residential real property in the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for taxes payable in 2011.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 29 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.061, subd. 8(1) by the County in the assessment of residential real </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2011.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Count 30 </b>seeks declaratory judgment and alleges a violation of Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.11 against all County and City Respondents in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">residential real property in the City of Minneapolis for taxes payable in 2011.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>To summarize, Counts 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 are claims which have an underlying basis in the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment of residential property in the City of Minneapolis, while Counts 5, 6, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">7, 18, 19, and 20 are claims which have an underlying basis in the Truth-in-</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Taxation Statement issued to residential property owners in the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis. Counts 4 and 17 allege that the City’s Notice of Valuation and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Classification violated Petitioner’s due process rights. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Facts<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The following facts are not in dispute:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">1.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Each of the named Petitioners owns residential property in Hennepin </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>County.</span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">2.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners assert their properties have been overvalued for purposes </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">of property taxation. Specifically, Petitioners claim that Respondents </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessed their properties at inflated values compared to the properties’ </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">market values and seek a systematic reassessment of all residential </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property in the communities for the tax assessment years 2008, 2009, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and 2010. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><span style="font-family:Arial;">3.</span><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">When Petitioners’ properties were taxed, the assessors determined the</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">market value by considering the value of nearby properties, but </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">excluded those bank transactions they found to be forced sales.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">4. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Between March and May of each assessment year, the City mailed</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>“value notices” to each Petitioner, containing his/her property’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>estimated market value, classification, the dates of the Local Board of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Review and County Board of Equalization, and other information </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>pursuant to Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.121. These notices were mailed out at </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>least ten days prior to the meeting of the Local Board of Review, which </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>meets between April 1 and May 31 of each year pursuant to Minn. Stat. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 274.01.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">5. In November of each year, the County mailed Truth-in-Taxation</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Statements to all Petitioners, stating the properties’ estimated market </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>values and estimated proposed property taxes for the coming year.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">6. By March 31 of each year, the County mailed property tax statements </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>that included the properties’ estimated market value, the properties’ </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>classifications, and the amount of tax payable, along with other </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>information.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">7. Because the City of Minneapolis is a city of the first class, the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Minneapolis City Assessor’s Office performs the duties of the county </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>assessor within the city.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">8. None of the Petitioners served and filed a Chapter 278 tax petition on </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>or before April 30 of the year in which the tax became payable.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">9. None of the Petitioners pursued any of the three administrative </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>remedies authorized by Minnesota law to challenge their tax </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>assessments. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">10. None of the Petitioners claim to have not received the value notices, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Truth-in-Taxation Statements, or property tax statements that were </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>mailed to them.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Standard of Review<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The Minnesota Tax Court follows the Rules of Civil Procedure for the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">district courts where practicable.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Minnesota Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 12.02 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">states that “lack of subject matter jurisdiction” and “failure to state a claim under </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">which relief can be granted” are defenses which may be made by motion at the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">option of the pleader.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Rule 12 provides for dismissal of a complaint where </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the complainant has not stated a cognizable claim or cause of action under the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">substantive law. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>When considering a motion to dismiss, courts assume that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">allegations of the complaint are true.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>On a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, a complaint must be </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">dismissed if it fails to set forth “a legally sufficient claim for relief.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Dismissal is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">appropriate if the moving party can demonstrate that it is not possible to grant </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">relief on any evidence that might be produced consistent with the complaint.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Courts are not bound by legal conclusions stated in a complaint when </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">determining whether the complaint states a claim upon which relief can be </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">granted.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> To survive a motion to dismiss, a plaintiff must plead facts that “raise a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">right to relief above the speculative level.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Claims against County Respondents<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Truth-in-Taxation Statement<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>There is no dispute that for taxes assessed in 2008, 2009, and 2010, the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Hennepin County Auditor-Treasurer prepared and mailed Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statements to the owners of residential property in the City of Minneapolis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>It is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">also undisputed that the Truth-in-Taxation Statements were in the form </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">prescribed by the Commissioner of Revenue according to Minn. Stat. </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> 275.065, which <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>provides as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Subd. 3. Notice of proposed property taxes. (a) The county auditor <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;">shall prepare and the county treasurer shall deliver after November 10 <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and on or before November 24 each year, by first class mail to each taxpayer at the address listed on the county’s current year’s assessment roll, a notice of proposed property taxes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(b) The commissioner of revenue shall prescribe the form of the notice.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners’ Amended Complaint pleads six counts against the County </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Respondents related to the Truth-in-Taxation Statement.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The County argues </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">that the counts fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted because the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">County is without discretion in the information that must or may be included with </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the Statement. We agree.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Minnesota Statute <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section</span> 645.44, subdivision 16 states that the word </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">“shall” is mandatory. In other words, Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 275.065 mandates that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">county auditor prepare and deliver a notice of proposed property taxes between </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">November 10 and 24 of each year and that the Commissioner of Revenue </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">prescribe the form of the notice. These actions are “ministerial” duties. In <u>Kelly v. <o:p></o:p></u></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><u>City of Minneapolis</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>the Minnesota Supreme Court defined “ministerial” duties </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">as “<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">‘</span>absolute, certain, and imperative, [and] involv[ing] merely execution of a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">specific duty arising from fixed and designated facts.’”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> “A ministerial duty is</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">simple and definite, leaving nothing to the discretion of the official.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Here, Petitioners do not claim that the County’s Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statements failed to contain the information spelled out in the statute. Nor do </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">they claim they did not receive the Statements. Rather, Petitioners argue that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">legal notices were deficient because they were based upon alleged </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">impermissible and discriminatory valuation practices. Petitioners claim that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">because of these practices, the Statements did not constitute sufficient notice to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the Petitioners as required by statute.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The County argues that what is required under Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 645.44, subd. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">16, is that the Hennepin County Auditor-Treasurer prepare the Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statement, in the form prescribed by the Commissioner of Revenue, and mail the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">notice to each property owner. Further, the County claims that since there is no </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">discretion under the statute with respect to the preparation, content, and mailing </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">of the Statements, the County simply is performing its ministerial duties in acting </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">according to statute. Additionally, the County urges us to dismiss Counts 5, 6, 7, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">18, 19, and 20 for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">because the County lacks discretion as to the information that may or must be </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">included in the Truth-in-Taxation Statement. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Minnesota Supreme Court’s definition of “ministerial duties” stated in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><u>Kelly</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> includes the County’s actions in preparing and sending out the Truth-in-</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Taxation Statements to Petitioners. Minnesota Statute <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section</span> 275.065, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">subdivision 3(a) imposes a mandatory, nondiscretionary, ministerial duty to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">prepare and mail the Truth-in-Taxation Statement in the form prescribed by the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Commissioner, and the County is without discretion in the information that must </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">be included in the Statement or that may be included with the Statement. In this </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">case, there is no claim that the Truth-in-Taxation Statements sent by the County </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">did not comport with the statutes under which they were sent. The County </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">exercised no discretion as to the content, timing, or preparation of the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statements. Rather, they were done according to the statute and sent in the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">manner prescribed. Under the circumstances, we find that the County was simply </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">satisfying ministerial duties in preparing and sending out the Statements to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners next challenge the Statements that the County sent, alleging </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">they did not adequately inform taxpayers of the exclusion of bank sales by the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessor in valuing their properties. In <u>Programmed Land, Inc. v. O’Connor</u>, </span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the Minnesota Supreme Court defined the requirements for a property tax notice </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">as follows:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In the context of challenges to property taxes, notice need not </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">expressly identify every factor and decision that went into the determination of the estimated or<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>final tax on the parcel. The </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxpayer may not know for certain whether the estimated tax is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">lawful or correct by looking at the notice, but the taxpayer is on </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">notice that a tax of an estimated amount will be levied according to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the stated value of the property…[T]he federal and state constitutions require that the taxpayer have an opportunity to question the validity </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and amount of the tax, not be apprised of all elements of the tax that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">might contain errors. Such a lengthy document not only would be burdensome to local governments but likely would go unread by taxpayers.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners make no claim that the Statements they received did not </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">contain the information required by statute or that they were not sent according to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the required procedure. Instead, Petitioners claim that the notices were </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">inadequate because they failed to set forth the manner in which the assessments </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">were done—that is, the assessor’s decision to exclude bank sales as forced </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">sales from the comparables he considered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Petitioners’ position, however, is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">unsupported under Minnesota case law.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The Statements gave the taxpayers </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">adequate notice from which to inquire as to the basis of the tax and then </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenge it if the taxpayers believed the taxes were calculated improperly.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners’ final assertion that the County’s inaction constitutes malice </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">is not substantiated by the factual allegations in the Complaint. There is no </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">allegation that the County intentionally did a wrongful act or willfully violated a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">known right by sending out the Truth-in-Taxation Statements to Petitioners.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Because the County Respondents were simply carrying out their </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">ministerial duties under Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 275.065, subd. 3(a), and because there is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">no evidence in the record to substantiate Petitioners’ claims that they did not </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">receive adequate notice or that the County acted maliciously in following the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">letter of the law, Counts 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, and 20 must be dismissed for failure to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">state a cause of action.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessment of Market Value<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>All real property in the state of Minnesota is taxable.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The Minnesota </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Legislature prescribes the procedures, rates, and exemptions that cities must </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">follow when taxing real property.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> All parties agree that the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor’s Office performs the duties of the county assessor within the city </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">because Minneapolis is a city of the first class.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners’ Complaint includes 22 counts which plead claims against the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">County related to the assessment of residential property in the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> It is undisputed that the City of Minneapolis is a city of the first </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">class pursuant to Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 410.01 and that as a city of the first class, the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis City Assessor has the powers and performs the duties ascribed to a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">county assessor pursuant to Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.063.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Petitioners claim that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">despite the statute, the County Respondents retain specific responsibilities that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">include the City of Minneapolis and cannot be allowed to remain complicit in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">allegedly known illegal practices and benefit from them through increased </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">revenues. The County Respondents argue that since the Hennepin County </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor has no authority to review, correct, or in any way supervise the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment practices of the City of Minneapolis Assessor, Petitioners have <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>no</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">cause of action against them. We agree.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners cite no authority for their argument that Section 273.061 does </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">not permit the City of Minneapolis to have sole authority to assess properties </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">within its boundaries. In fact, Section 273.063, in relevant part, provides, “[i]n </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">counties having a city of the first class, the powers and duties of the county </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessor within such city shall be performed by the duly appointed city </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessor.” Petitioners argue that a county retains those Section 273.063 duties </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">which exceed the boundaries of a city of the first class. While that may or may </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">not be the case, here there is no dispute that the parties are seeking relief with </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">respect to properties that are located within the City’s boundaries. Petitioners’ </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">argument that the county assessor is granted specific duties according to statute </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">is correct as far as it goes, but that does not prevent those duties from being </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">performed by the city assessor pursuant to Section 273.063.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">. In <u>Northwestern National Life Ins. Co. v. County of Hennepin</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[22]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> we found </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the Hennepin County Assessor should not be a party in an appeal of the market </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">value of property located in the City of Minneapolis because the City Assessor </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">was independent of the supervision of the county assessor, and the county </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessor had no statutory right or duty to assess property within the City of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minneapolis or to supervise the assessments of the city assessor pursuant to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§§</span> 410.01 and 273.063.<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Since the Hennepin County Assessor has no authority to review, correct, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">or in any way supervise the assessment practices of the City of Minneapolis </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Assessor, Petitioners have failed to state a claim against County Respondents </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">upon which relief can be granted. Thus, the County’s Motion to Dismiss is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">granted with respect to the remaining allegations against them set forth in Counts </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The County shall be dismissed from this action.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Claims Against City Respondents<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners’ Failure to Pursue Chapter 278 Petitions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The City Respondents argue that a petition under Minn. Stat. Ch. 278 is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the appropriate remedy for challenging property taxes on five statutorily </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">enumerated bases, namely allegedly improper valuation, classification, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">exemption, unfair assessment, or illegality. Because Petitioners seek to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenge the valuations of their properties, the City Respondents contend they </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">should have pursued Chapter 278 petitions. Inasmuch as Petitioners do not </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenge the constitutionality of any Minnesota statute, the City Respondents </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">argue that Petitioners could and should have sought relief under Chapter 278. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The statutory framework requires that petitions only challenge one </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment year and must be filed by April 30<sup>th</sup> of the year that the tax becomes </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">payable.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[23]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Petitioners’ Complaint in this matter was filed on November 7, 2010, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and it was not served in the manner required by Chapter 278. Petitioners’ </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Amended Complaint was then filed on or about December 2, 2010, correcting the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">previous deficiency in service. Thus, the City Respondents argue that Petitioners </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">cannot be permitted to avoid the filing deadlines set forth in the statute by </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">recasting their claims related to their 2008 and 2009 assessments in the rubric of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">constitutional jurisprudence. As for the 2010 assessment, the City Respondents </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">claim the Amended Complaint is fatally deficient because it includes multiple </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">petitioners.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Under Minnesota law, a property taxpayer can contest the valuation of his </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">or her property in one of four main ways. First, before the Local Board of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Review meets, a property owner may request a change informally by contacting </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the local assessor.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Second, a property owner can appear before the Local </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Board of Review or County Board of Equalization to contest the valuation of their </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">property.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[25]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Third, a property owner may file an abatement pursuant to Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 375.192, subd. 2, challenging the valuation of his/her property and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">seeking reduction of the property’s estimated market value or taxes that were </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">erroneously or unjustly paid.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Fourth, a property owner may serve and file a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Chapter 278 tax petition to contest the valuation of their property, among other </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenges.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> None of the Petitioners pursued any of the three administrative </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">remedies or the Chapter 278 petition remedy to challenge their property tax </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessments.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>A petition under Minn. Stat. Ch. 278 is the appropriate remedy for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenging property taxes on five statutorily enumerated bases, namely </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">improper valuation, classification, and exemption, unfair assessment, or </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">illegality.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[28]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Chapter 278 benefits both taxpayers and local governments—</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">providing taxpayers with an efficient mechanism to object to property taxes, and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">also providing for the prompt collection of taxes and ensuring a reliable stream of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">revenue for local governments.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>The City argues that Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Ch. </span>278 </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">provides a process to challenge any alleged issues in the assessment of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners’ properties in past years, and that their failure to do so precludes them </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">from now bringing those claims after the statutory time for appeal has lapsed. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The City further argues that Petitioners should not be permitted to abrogate the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">statute of limitations set forth in Section 278.01 and subvert the policies the time </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">limitation was intended to serve. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Again, we turn to <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u></span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> where the Minnesota Supreme </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Court addressed a case similar to the one we consider in which the taxpayers </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">failed to avail themselves of adequate statutory remedies to challenge the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">application of class rates by the assessor. The Supreme Court found that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessor’s acts, which the taxpayers claimed resulted in the partial, unfair, or </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">unequal assessment of property were subject to challenge under Minn. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 278.01, subd. 1, and having failed to avail themselves of adequate </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">statutory remedies, the taxpayers could not seek to pursue equitable or common </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">law causes of action. Because the taxpayers had an adequate remedy provided </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">by statute under Chapter 278 and through local review and abatement to seek </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">redress, the Supreme Court refused to allow them to pursue an independent </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">cause of action in order to claim their constitutional due process rights or equal </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">protection rights had been violated. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Similarly, Petitioners in this case seek to challenge alleged issues of the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment of their properties. Specifically, Petitioners contend that the City </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">incorrectly excluded a certain type of open market sales—namely, bank sales--, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">resulting in non-uniform assessment and Petitioners bearing disproportionate </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">shares of property taxes compared to those residential property owners whose </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">homes are located in other communities. Clearly, this is related to the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment process, which Chapter 278 was designed to address. Because <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners did not timely and properly pursue relief under the statute, they </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">cannot now challenge the valuation of their properties by recasting their claims </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">under constitutional law theories.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners next claim that they were unaware of the assessor’s practice of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">excluding certain sales of residential property at the time they were notifies of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">each year’s property tax valuations. The City Respondents argue that Petitioners’ </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">alleged ignorance of the basis for their assessments in prior tax years does not </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">excuse their failure to pursue their statutory remedies. We agree. “[A] person </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">who pays an illegal or irregular tax, even if ignorant that the tax is illegal or </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">irregular, is not entitled to recover the tax in equity when that person has a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">statutory remedy by review, appeal or defense to proceedings to enforce the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">tax.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[31]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Here, Chapter 278 provided a process to challenge any alleged issues in </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the assessments of Petitioners’ properties in past years. Petitioners’ failed to file </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">petitions in 2008 and 2009 and cannot now seek to resuscitate claims from those </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">tax years. The Complaint to challenge assessments made in 2008 (payable </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">2009) and 2009 (payable 2010) was not filed until December 2, 2010, so that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners are untimely in challenging the 2008 and 2009 assessments.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>As for 2010 (payable 2011) taxes, although the Amended Complaint was </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">timely served as a Chapter 278 petition, the City contends the pleading is fatally </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">defective because it includes multiple petitioners. The City relies upon <u>Rau v. <o:p></o:p></u></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">County of Kandiyohi</span></u><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[32]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> in which this Court held that petitioners must file their </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">petitions individually and not as a group. Since all Petitioners filed jointly the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Amended Complaint, and the time to remedy this procedural defect has passed, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the City Respondents argue they are entitled to dismissal of the action because it </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">is, in essence, an untimely and deficient tax petition. Petitioners claim that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">plain language of Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 278.01 does not require that tax appeals be </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">brought individually, citing several cases allowing a Chapter 278 appeal to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">proceed with multiple petitioners. We disagree. First, we note that Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">278.01, subd. 1(a) specifies that “[a]ny person…may have the validity of [their] </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">claim…determined…by the Tax Court by serving [a petition].” The language </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">refers in the singular to a “person.” In <u>Rau</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> we previously ruled “that there was </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">no authority under section 278.01, subd. 1, for the filing of petitioners’ multiple-</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">party petition.” Similarly, we find Petitioners in this case must file their petitions </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">individually, not as a group.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Further, the cases</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> cited by Petitioners are </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">distinguishable in that the multiple petitioners all maintained an interest in the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">same property or the actions of multiple petitioners were consolidated by the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">court after the individual petitions had been filed. That is not the situation in the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">case now before us. Thus, as for the 2010 assessment, we find the pleading is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">fatally deficient because it includes multiple petitioners and different properties </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and must be dismissed. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners’ Constitutional Claims<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Petitioners’ Amended Complaint alleges violations of their Equal </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Protection and Due Process rights under the United States Constitution through </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">42 U.S.C. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1983. The City contends that claims involving prayers for monetary </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">damages or declaratory or injunctive relief in state tax matters under <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1983 are </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">barred by law, these counts should be dismissed. Petitioners rely upon general </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">constitutional principles including fundamental fairness in arguing that they </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">present actionable claims under the Minnesota and U.S. Constitutions. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The United States Supreme Court held that Section 1983 claims for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">damages in state tax cases were improper in <u>Fair Assessment in Real Estate <o:p></o:p></u></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><u>Assn. v. McNary</u>.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Affirming the dismissal of an action seeking compensatory </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and punitive damages for deprivation of equal protection and due process rights </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">when state taxes were allegedly assessed unequally, the Court reasoned that the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">principle of comity bars money damages from federal courts in tax matters under </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1983 where there is a plain, adequate, and complete state remedy.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[37]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In <u>National Private Truck Council, Inc. v. Oklahoma Tax Commission</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[38]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the United States Supreme Court extended the prohibition of <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section </span>1983 </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">actions regarding state tax challenges to state courts. In that case, plaintiffs </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">brought a class action in state court challenging state taxes under <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">seeking injunctive and declaratory relief.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The United States Supreme Court </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">affirmed the Oklahoma Supreme Court’s conclusion that neither injunctive nor </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">declaratory relief is available in state tax cases under a <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section</span>1983 theory, even</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">if brought in state court, when there is an adequate legal remedy.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[40]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> “[W]e hold </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">that <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 1983 does not call for either federal or state courts to award injunctive and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">declaratory relief in state tax cases.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[41]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Since <u>National Private Truck Council</u>, state courts have further recognized </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">that there is no <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section</span>1983 claim for damages in state tax cases where an </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">adequate state law remedy exists.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[42]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Their rationale is clearly used to avoid </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">throwing state tax administration into disarray, allowing taxpayers to escape </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">ordinary procedural requirements imposed by state law.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[43]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Tax appeal remedies </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">in Minnesota have been ruled to be plain, speedy, and efficient, with Chapter 278 </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">providing “an adequate, speedy, and simple remedy for any taxpayer to have the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">validity of his claim, defense or objections determined by the district court.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[44]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">“Viewing Ch. 278 in its entirety, we conclude that, in the interest of a better tax-</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">collection practice, the legislature intended that it should provide the exclusive </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">means by which a taxpayer may assert the defense of an unfair or unequal </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">assessment.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[45]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>The City Respondents argue that Petitioners fail to state claims for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">violations of Procedural Due Process and Equal Protection. In <u>Programmed <o:p></o:p></u></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><u>Land, Inc.</u>, the Minnesota Supreme Court discussed the due process implications </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">when a plaintiff contended that its property taxes infringed upon those rights. The </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Court found that “[d]ue process does not require any particular form of process </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">as long as it provides notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard. Based </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">upon the variety of means provided in Minnesota Statutes to challenge property </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxes, we conclude that respondents received constitutionally sufficient due </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">process.” </span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[46]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Moreover, the United States Supreme Court has found, “It is well </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">established that a state need not provide predeprivation process for the exaction </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">of taxes.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[47]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Here, Petitioners had both notice of their property taxes and an </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">opportunity to be heard regarding any dispute of the assessed value of their </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">properties. Petitioners do not dispute that they received notice of their property </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">taxes through the City’s value notices and the County’s Truth-in-Taxation </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Statements. Because Petitioners agree that they received both notice and an </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">opportunity to be heard, they fail to state a claim for a due process violation.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Similarly, Petitioners assert that their properties were assessed at higher </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">ratios when compared to other communities in violation of their equal protection </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">rights. It is important to note that Petitioners have not challenged the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">constitutionality of the Minnesota Tax Code. Instead, Petitioners make </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">conclusory allegations that the City Respondents intentionally or arbitrarily valued </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">their properties at a lower rate than other properties. To survive a motion to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">dismiss, the Petitioners must plead facts that “raise a right to relief above the</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">speculative level.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[48]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>We now turn to the adequacy of Minnesota Statute Chapter 278 as a </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">remedy for Petitioners in this case. In <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u>, the Minnesota </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Supreme Court held that Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>278.01 is the appropriate statutory remedy </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for challenging property taxes on the statutorily enumerated bases including </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">valuation, unequal assessment, illegality, classification, and exemption. While the </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Court did not determine that Chapter 278 provides the exclusive judicial means </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">to bring all property tax challenges, it is the proper remedy in most circumstances </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for those five types listed in the statute. In this case, because assessment and </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">illegality (the constitutional violation claims) are among the five types of claims </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">listed in the statute and given the reluctance to allow injunctive or declaratory </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">relief, we find that Minn. Stat. Chapter 278 is the appropriate procedural remedy </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">for Petitioners’ claims. We, therefore, dismiss their requests for a declaratory </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">judgment and dismiss the claims brought under <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Section </span>1983.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Lastly, we address Petitioners’ claims for damages under the Minnesota </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Constitution. The City Respondents assert that unlike the federal cause of action </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">created under 42 U.S.C. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span>1983, Minnesota has no statutory scheme providing for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">private actions based on violations of the Minnesota Constitution. We agree.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[49]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Thus, Petitioners’ claims for damages under the Minnesota Constitution fail to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">state a cause of action and shall be dismissed.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Declaratory Judgment Act Claims<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span></b>Petitioners seek to bring a variety of claims under the Uniform Declaratory </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Judgments Act, Minn. Stat. Ch. 555. Petitioners’ claims seek to remedy </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">supposed violations of their federal constitutional rights. The Minnesota Supreme </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Court has held that “the Declaratory Judgments Act is not available to test </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">questions of valuations or assessments in real estate tax matters.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[50]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Minnesota Supreme Court specifically addressed the unavailability of the Act to </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">challenge taxes in <u>Land O’Lakes Dairy Co. v. City of Sebeka</u>,</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[51]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>stating as </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">follows:</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In order that there shall be no future confusion on this particular </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">point of the law, we hold that in enacting M.S.A. Ch. 278 it was the intention of the legislature to provide an adequate, speedy, and simple remedy for any taxpayer to have the validity of his claim, defense, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">or objections determined by the district court in matters where the taxpayer claims that his real estate has been partially, unfairly, or unequally assess, or that it has been assessed at a value greater </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">than its real or actual value.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The Court determined that in real estate matters, Minnesota Statutes Chapter </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">278 is the taxpayer’s remedy, and “the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act [] is </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">not available…as an alternative remedy.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[52]</span></span></span></span></a></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Therefore, Petitioners may not bring declaratory judgment causes of </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">action when the claims are more properly brought under Chapter 278. Because </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners have an available statutory remedy, we dismiss their claims for </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">declaratory relief.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Mandamus Claim<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In order to be entitled to mandamus relief, Petitioners must show three </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">elements: (1) the failure of an official to perform a duty clearly imposed by law; </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">(2) a public wrong specifically injurious to petitioner; and (3) no other adequate </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">remedy.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[53]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Mandamus “shall not issue in any case where there is a plain, speedy, </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[54]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>Here, it is not alleged that </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the City Assessor failed to perform a duty clearly imposed by law; in fact, the very </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">acts he performed are those ministerial acts which he did according to statute. </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Petitioners admit that he performed his duty imposed by law to assess properties </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">in the City.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Thus, Petitioners fail to allege facts that meet the first element under <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;">the mandamus analysis—failure to perform a duty clearly imposed by law. In <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;">addition, Petitioners fail to state a claim that meets the third element under the <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;">mandamus analysis because there is an adequate remedy at law. For these <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;">reasons, we find Petitioners’ mandamus claims are dismissed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><span style="font-family:Arial;">Conclusion</span></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><u><o:p><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>In view of the foregoing, the claims set forth in the Amended Complaint </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">against the City and County Respondents shall be dismissed. Based upon this </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">result, the City’s claims of immunity and that the Petitioners have improperly </span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">named the City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office need not be addressed.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 3.5in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">S. A. R.</span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></span></p></div><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break" clear="all"></span><br /><div class="Section2"><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></div><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto; mso-break-type: section-break" clear="all"></span><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></o:p></p><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><br clear="all"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><br /></span><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn1"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> This Court does not have original jurisdiction to hear an appeal challenging the constitutionality of government actions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, in the March 4, 2011, Transfer Order transferred to the Tax Court the district court’s full legal and equitable powers to determine all matters that might come before us pursuant to the Erie shuffle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><u>Erie Mining Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue</u>, 343 N.W.2d 261 (Minn. 1984).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn2"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 271.06, subd. 7 (2000).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn3"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Minn. R. Civ. P. 12.02 (a) & (e).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn4"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Wiegand v. Walser Automotive Groups, Inc.</u>. 683 N.W.2d 807, 811 (Minn. 2004).<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn5"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <u>Bodah v. Lakeville Motor Express</u>, 663 N.W.2d 550, 553 (Minn. 2003).</span><u><o:p></o:p></u></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn6"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn7"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>Herbert v. City of Fifty Lakes</u>, 744 N.W.2d 226, 235 (Minn. 2008).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn8"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly</u>, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007); <u>see</u> <u>Hebert v. City of Fifty Lakes</u>, supra and <u>Bahr v. Capella University</u>, 788 N.W.2d 76, 80 (Minn. 2010) (both referencing <u>Twombly</u> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;">standard).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn9"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The six counts include 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, and 20.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn10"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> 598 N.W.2d 657, 664 (Minn. 1999).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn11"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u>, quoting <u>Cook v. Trovatten</u>, 200 Minn. 221, 224, 274 N.W. 165, 167 (1937).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn12"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn13"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>Kelly v. City of Minneapolis</u>, 598 N.W.2d at 664.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn14"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 633 N.W.2d 517, 529 (Minn. 2001).</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn15"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn16"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Programmed Land</u>, supra; <u>Certain Lands in Redwood County</u>, 40 Minn. 512, 518, 42 N.W. 473,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>475 (1889).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn17"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Amended Complaint </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">¶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 93.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn18"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>See</u> Minn. Stat. Chs. 270-89.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn19"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Amended Complaint </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">¶ </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">98; Defendant City of Minneapolis, City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office and Patrick Todd’s Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion to Dismiss, p. 2; Memorandum of Respondent’s County of Hennepin, Hennepin County Assessor’s Office, and Hennepin County Assessor James R. Atchison, p. 9.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn20"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> The counts are 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 20, and <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>30.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn21"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Amended Complaint </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">¶¶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 7 & 8.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn22"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> File No. 18797 (Minn. Tax Ct. July 21, 1994).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn23"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Minn. Stat. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§§</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 278.01, subd. 1(c), 278.02.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn24"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[24]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>See</u>, Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 273.01.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn25"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Minn. Stat.. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§§</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 274.01, subd. 1; 274.13.</span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn26"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[26]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn27"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[27]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 278.01.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn28"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn28" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <u>See</u>, Minn. Stat. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 278.01; <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u>, 633 N.W.2d at 523. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn29"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn29" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[29]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>See</u>, <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u>, 633 N.W.2d at 525-26.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn30"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn30" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[30]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn31"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn31" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u>, 633 N.W.2d at 522 citing <u>Gould v. Bd. of Comm’rs of Hennepin <o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">County</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">, 79 N.W. 303 (Minn. 1899).<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn32"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn32" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> File Nos. C8-86-533, C8-86-550, C8-86-567 (Minn. Tax Ct. Feb. 24, 1987).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn33"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn33" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[33]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn34"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn34" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[34]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 278.01.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn35"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn35" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[35]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> In <u>Arcadia Development Corp. v. Hennepin County</u>, the taxpayers were not challenging their property tax assessments pursuant to Chapter 278, but rather brought a class action asserting that the county underpaid interest on real estate refunds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In <u>L.G.S.R.G. et al. v. O’Connor et al.</u>, File No. 97-567 (Minn. Tax Ct. Oct. 30, 1998) it is unclear what properties were involved, and the action was not a property tax appeal brought pursuant to Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">Ch.</span> 278. In <u>H.J. of M. Land</u> <u>Venture et al. v. Hennepin County</u>, File No. TC-1207 (Minn. Tax Ct. July 26, 1993), the multiple petitioners held interests in the same parcel of land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Similarly, in <u>Community Housing Development Corp. v. Hennepin County</u>, File No. TC-18582 (Minn. Tax Ct. Oct. 6, 1993) multiple petitioners brought an appeal pursuant to the same parcel of land.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn36"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn36" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[36]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> 454 U.S. 100, 102 (1981).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn37"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn37" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u> at 116.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn38"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn38" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> 515 U.S. 582, 589 (1995).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn39"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn39" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[39]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>Id.</u> at 583-84.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn40"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn40" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u> at 589.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn41"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn41" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[41]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn42"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn42" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>See</u> <u>Gen. Motors Corp. v. City of Linden</u>, 671 A.2d 560, 565 (N.J. 1996), <u>cert.</u> <u>denied</u> 519 U.S. 816 (1996); <u>Gen. Motors Corp. v. City & County of San Francisco</u>, 69 Cal. App.4<sup>th</sup> 448, 457-61 (Cal. Ct. App. 1999); <u>PPG Ind., Inc. v. Tracy</u>, 659 N.E.2d 1250, 1252 (Ohio 1996); <u>Murtagh v. County of Berks</u>, 715 A.2d 548, 550-51 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1998). <u>See</u> <u>Allright Parking Minnesota, Inc. v. County of Ramsey</u>, File No. C2-01-2979 (Minn. Tax Ct. Mar. 27, 2002).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn43"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn43" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>See</u> <u>Empress Casino Joliet, Corp. v. Baltimore Racing Club</u>, ___F.3d___, No. 09-3975 (7<sup>th</sup> Cir. July 8, 2011).<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn44"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn44" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Land O’Lakes Dairy Co. v. Village of Sebeka</u>, 31 N.W.2d 660, 665 (Minn. 1948).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn45"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn45" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[45]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>State v. Elam</u>, 84 N.W.2d 227, 281 (Minn. 1957).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn46"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn46" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[46]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>Programmed Land, Inc.</u>, 633 N.W.2d at 528-29.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn47"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn47" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[47]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>McKesson v. Div. of Alcoholic Beverages</u>, 496 U.S. 18, 37 (1990).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"></span></o:p></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn48"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn48" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[48]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly</u>, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007); <u>see</u> <u>Hebert v. City of Fifty Lakes</u>, 744 N.W.2d 226, 235 (Minn. 2008) and <u>Bahr v. Capella University</u>, 788 N.W.2d 76, 80 (Minn. 2010) (both referencing <u>Twombly</u> standard).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn49"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn49" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref49" name="_ftn49"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[49]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>See</u> <u>Jones v. James</u>, 2005 WL 459652 (D. Minn. Feb. 24, 2005) (citing <u>Bird v. State Dept. of Public Safety</u>, 375 N.W.2d 36, 40 (Minn. App. 1985)); <u>see</u> <u>also</u> <u>North Star Legal Foundation v. HoneywellProject</u>, 355 N.W.2d 186, 188 (Minn. App. 1984).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn50"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn50" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref50" name="_ftn50"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[50]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> <u>Fitchner v. Schiller</u>, 135 N.W.2d 877, 881 (Minn. 1965).</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn51"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn51" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref51" name="_ftn51"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[51]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> 31 N.W. 2d at 662.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn52"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn52" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref52" name="_ftn52"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[52]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Id.</u></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn53"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn53" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[53]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <u>Demolition Landfill Services, LLC. V. City of Duluth</u>, 609 N.W.2d 278, 280 (Minn. Ct. App. 2000).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn54"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn54" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref54" name="_ftn54"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[54]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> Minn. Stat. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">§</span> 586.02.</span></p></div><br /><div style="mso-element: footnote" id="ftn55"><br /><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn55" title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6260389678040220552#_ftnref55" name="_ftn55"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[55]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Am. Comp. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">¶¶ 12 and 13.</span></span></span></p></div></div>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6260389678040220552.post-1634785941347720042011-07-17T08:24:00.000-07:002011-07-17T08:26:38.519-07:00CityMorrisvSaxInvestments_749NW2 i(Minn.2008)<span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;color:#000080;">Minnesota State Law Library</span> <br /><p><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica;font-size:180%;color:#000080;">Minnesota Appellate Court Briefs Collection</span> <br /><p>Shown here are the statements of the issues presented for review by the appellate courts in the briefs filed for this case. The entire brief set can be found at the State Law Library and other libraries around the state. See <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs.html">Minnesota Appellate Court Briefs Collection</a> for more information. <br /><p><b><i>CASE NAME:</i></b> City of Morris, Respondent, vs. Sax Investments, Inc., Appellant.<br />Read the opinion in this case at <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/archive/supct/0805/OPA061188-0515.pdf">A06-1188 </a><br /><i>CITATION:</i> 749 N.W.2d 1 (Minn. 2008)<br /><br /><blockquote><!-- *****Repeat the following for every brief connected with this case.--><b>Legal Issues in <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188sca.pdf">APPELLANTS' BRIEF</a>, APPENDIX AND ADDENDUM:</b> <br /><li>WHETHER THE MINNESOTA STATE BUILDING CODE PREEMPTS THE FOUR PROVISIONS OF THE CITY OF MORRIS RENTAL HOUSING ORDINANCE AT ISSUE IN THIS CASE? The Trial Court, and the Minnesota Court of Appeals, in a published opinion filed on May 1, 2007, held that the applicable regulations in the Morris City Code at issue in this case were not preempted by the Minnesota State Building Code. Apposite Authorities: Minnesota Statutes § 16B 62; Morris City Code, Section 4.32; City of Minnetonka v. Mark Z. Jones Assoc., 236 N.W2d 163 (Minn. 1975). </li></blockquote><br /><blockquote><b>Legal Issues in <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188scr.pdf">RESPONDENT'S BRIEF</a>:</b> <br /><li>1. Whether the State Building Code preempts local ordinances designed to protect the health, safety, and welfare of residents living in rental housing that do not affect any integral part of the construction of such buildings. In a published opinion filed May 1, 2007, the Minnesota Court of Appeals, upholding the District Court's decision in this matter, held that the State Building Code preempts local attempts to regulate construction, alteration, remodeling, and restoration of residential housing but does not preempt local authorities from creating and enforcing habitability standards for rental housing. Thus, the State Building Code did not preempt the City of Morris' rental housing ordinance provisions at issue in this matter. Most apposite cases, statutes, and code provisions: City of Minnetonka v. Mark Z. Jones Assoc., 236 N.W.2d 163 (Minn. 1975); Minn. Stat. § l6B.59 et seq.; Morris City Code, § 4.32. <br /><li>2. Whether properties used for rental housing have non-conforming use rights under the Minnesota State Building Code if existing conditions are "dangerous to life." Having held that the Minnesota State Building Code did not preempt the city regulations at issue, the lower courts did not address the question. Most apposite cases and rules: Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, § 104; Crazy Water Retirement Hotel v. State of Texas, 54 S.W.3d 100 (Tex. Ct. App.-Eastland 2001). </li></blockquote><br /><blockquote><b>Legal Issues in <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188scac1.pdf">BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE CITY OF ROCHESTER</a>:</b> <br /><li>Whether the state law that prohibits cities from "regulating components or systems of any residential structure that are different from any provision of the State Building Code" act to prohibit cities from regulating rental housing using ordinances that impose habitability standards that do not affect an integral part of the design or construction of buildings. The Court of Appeals held that the State Building Code preempts cities from regulating the construction, alteration, remodeling and restoration of residential housing, but does not preempt the regulation of rental housing habitability standards. </li></blockquote><br /><blockquote><b>Legal Issues in <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188scac3.pdf">BRIEF FOR THE CITY OF SAINT PAUL AS AMICUS CURIAE SUPPORTING RESPONDENT:</a></b> <br /><li>The City of Saint Paul concurs with the City of Morris' Statement of the Legal Issues. </li></blockquote><br /><blockquote><b>Legal Issues in <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188scac2.pdf">BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE LEAGUE OF MINNESOTA CITIES</a>:</b> <br /><li>State law provides that cities must not "require building code provisions regulating components or systems of any residential structure that are different from any provision of the State Building Code." Does state law preempt cities from regulating the business of rental housing by adopting ordinances that impose standards of habitability that do not affect an integral part of the design or construction of buildings? The court of appeals held that the State Building Code preempts cities from regulating the construction, alteration, remodeling, and restoration of residential housing but does not preempt local authorities from creating and enforcing standards of habitability for rental housing. </li></blockquote><br /><blockquote><b>Also filed: <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/briefs/pdfs/a061188scar.pdf">APPELLANTS' REPLY BRIEF</a></b> <br /><p><!-- *****Repeat above steps for every brief connected with this case.--><!-- *****Your document is finished. Save file as "[insert docket #][insert sc or ca].html"--><br /><p></p></blockquote><br /><hr /><br /><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica;">Return to <a href="http://www.lawlibrary.state.mn.us/index.html">Home Page</a> </span>Sharon4Andersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17187848282847569592noreply@blogger.com